Release and transformation of alkali metals during co-combustion of coal and sulfur-rich wheat straw

Li, Rundong; Xing, Kai; Yang, Tianhua; Sun, Yi; He, Yong; Shen, Shengqiang

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.059

Cited by 85 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…If the quality of paper sludge is appropriate under accurate control, cocombustion of paper sludge together with oil-palm solid wastes may be a promising outlet which leads to environmentally friendly use of solid wastes by reducing emissions and providing utilization of wastes instead of landfilling. Despite the fact that co-combustion technology has already be proved to reduce emission [11][12][13], the emission cannot be neglected with increasingly stringent environmental standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

TGA–FTIR analysis of co-combustion characteristics of paper sludge and oil-palm solid wastes

Lin

Ning

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

127

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

TGA–FTIR analysis of co-combustion characteristics of paper sludge and oil-palm solid wastes

Lin

Ning

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

127

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“…The results showed that the release rates of Na and K are higher than Ca and Mg in all types of gas environments. R. Li et al [19] investigated the effects of temperature on the release and transformation of alkali metal species during co-combustion of coal and sulfur-rich wheat straw. The results indicated that the amounts of K and Na during co-combustion can be reduced by Fe, Ti, S, Si and Al in blended fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of alkali metals during co-firing biomass and coal

Wang

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tThe release of alkali metals is investigated by means of ash element measurement and chemical equilibrium calculation during co-firing biomass (cornstalk derived fuel) and coal. The experiments are operated under different mass blending fraction and temperature conditions. With increasing cornstalk fraction, the normalized ash content decreases according to a quadratic curve because the formation of alkali aluminosilicate may result in more elements being retained in ash. Similarly, the release ratios of K, Na, and S do not change linearly with the variation of cornstalk fraction either, which are suppressed significantly by the interaction of biomass and coal ashes. For the effect of CaO additive, the release ratios of K and Na increase with its enhancement. The equilibrium analysis is used to predict and evaluate the release of alkali metals. The release of alkali metals enhances with the increase of temperature and cornstalk fraction. For silicon-lean blending fuels, adding Ca will decrease HCl(g) and release more KCl(g) and KOH(g) in both fuel-rich and air-rich conditions. More KCl(g) and NaCl(g) will be formed with increasing Ca/(S þ 0.5Cl) ratio due to the formation of CaSiO 3 (s) and the reduction of alkali aluminosilicate.

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“…A lot of research has shown that the slagging and fouling on heating surfaces during coal combustion are usually related to alkali metal elements Na and K [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. As shown in Table 4, the ash in the flue gas exhausted from the ferrosilicon electric furnace has high Na and K contents, which leads to easy slagging and fouling.…”

Section: Slagging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slagging and Fouling Characteristics of HRSG for Ferrosilicon Electric Furnaces

Wang

Chen

et al. 2015

Energies

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Abstract:The slagging and fouling characteristics of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for ferrosilicon electric furnaces are discussed in this paper. Three ash samples were taken from the HRSG of a ferrosilicon furnace in Ningxia Province, China, which suffered from serious slagging and fouling. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the ash samples. The results show that low melting point salt Na2SO4 and composite salts Na (AlSi3O8) and 3K2SO4· CaSO4 deposit on the superheater tube walls in aerosol form and solidify to form the initial slag layer. With the continuous deposition of the low melting point compounds, more and more ash particles in the flue gas adhere to the slag surface to form a thicker slag. Low melting point composite salt NaO· Al2O3· SiO2 is absorbed on the evaporator tube walls in aerosol form. With the deposition of NaO· Al2O3· SiO2, more and more ash particles are absorbed to form the fouling. Since there is less space between pin-finned tubes, the large iron-rich slag particles are easily deposited on tube walls and fin surfaces, which is advantageous to the fouling process. There are large quantities of superfine ash particles in the flue gas that easily adhere to other particles or tube walls, which facilitates the slagging and fouling process. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1102

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Release and transformation of alkali metals during co-combustion of coal and sulfur-rich wheat straw

Cited by 85 publications

References 22 publications

TGA–FTIR analysis of co-combustion characteristics of paper sludge and oil-palm solid wastes

TGA–FTIR analysis of co-combustion characteristics of paper sludge and oil-palm solid wastes

Release of alkali metals during co-firing biomass and coal

Slagging and Fouling Characteristics of HRSG for Ferrosilicon Electric Furnaces

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