“…As shown in Figure 3b, the peaks that were observed at 3387 cm −1 (O-H stretching vibration), 2892 cm −1 (symmetric stretching vibration of C-H), 1645 cm −1 (originated from the absorbed water), 1418, 1373, and 1316 cm −1 (bending vibration of CH, CH2, OH, respectively), 1160 cm −1 (C-O-C asymmetric vibration), 1062 and 895 cm −1 (C-O stretching of the pyranose ring skeleton and the glycosidic linkages between glucose units in cellulose) belong to CNCs, respectively [42][43][44]. In the case of TMX, the strong peaks appeared at 1598 and 1521 cm −1 in the TMX spectrum (Figure 3a), which correspond to C=N and NO2 stretching frequencies, respectively [4,45,46]. The TMX-loaded CNCs spectrum (Figure 3c) shows most of the major characteristic bands corresponding to CNCs and TMX.…”