Release of ANP and Fat Oxidation in Overweight Persons during Aerobic Exercise in Water

Fenzl, M.; Schnizer, W.; Aebli, Nikolaus; Schlegel, Christian; Villiger, B; Disch, A.; Gredig, Joeri; Zaugg, T.; Krebs, Julia

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333696

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Two-third of the aquatic cycling sessions (n = 22) were conducted in an upright body position. Nine studies [11, 24–26, 30, 31, 34–36] compared semi-recumbent cycling on land and in water. Four semi-recumbent bikes also had arm pedals [11, 24, 30, 36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aquatic cycling—What do we know? A scoping review on head-out aquatic cycling

et al. 2017

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Over the past few years, aquatic cycling has become a trending fitness activity. However, the literature has not been reviewed exhaustively. Therefore, using scoping review methodology, the aim of this review was to explore the current state of the literature concerning aquatic cycling. This study specifically focused on study designs, populations and outcomes. A comprehensive search of seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cinahl, Embase, PEDro,Web of Science, WorldCat) was conducted up to 30th September 2016. GoogleScholar, World Cat, ResearchGate, specific aquatic therapy websites and aquatic therapy journals were searched to identify additional literature. Full-text publications in English, German or Dutch were included. Studies were included when the intervention involved head-out cycling carried out in 10° to 35° Celsius water. Exclusion criteria were the use of wet suits or confounding interventions that would affect participants’ homeostasis. 63 articles were included and the study parameters of these studies were summarized. Using three grouping themes, included studies were categorised as 1) single session tests comparing aquatic versus land cycling, or 2) aquatic cycling only sessions investigating different exercise conditions and 3) aquatic cycling intervention programmes. Although the experimental conditions differed noticeably across the studies, shared characteristics were identified. Cardiovascular parameters were investigated by many of the studies with the results suggesting that the cardiac demand of aquatic cycling seems similar to land-based cycling. Only six studies evaluated the effect of aquatic cycling interventions. Therefore, future research should investigate the effects of aquatic cycling interventions, preferably in individuals that are expected to gain health benefits from aquatic cycling. Moreover, this comprehensive outline of available literature could serve as a starting point for systematic reviews or clinical studies on the effects of aquatic cycling on the cardiovascular responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other key outcomes were ventilation parameters [23, 31, 33], lipid mobilisation and oxidation [18, 34], sympathoadrenal response [18, 20, 34], lactate accumulation and removal [17, 18, 20, 39, 40]. and thermoregulatory responses [35–37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic cycling—What do we know? A scoping review on head-out aquatic cycling

et al. 2017

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“…FFA is produced through the hydrolysis of triglycerides by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocyte cells, but insulin inhibits the activity of HSL (Holm, 2003). ANP has a strong stimulatory effect on adipose tissue lipolysis and is released from the atrial wall by increased blood volume in the atria (venous return) during exercise in water than on land (Fenzl et al, 2013). However, because there were no significant differences among exercise modes in serum insulin, it is necessary to consider other reasons why the serum FFA after the aquatic exercise was elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wiesner et al (Wiesner et al, 2010) has reported that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in a water exercise condition was significantly increased compared with that during a land exercise condition under the same _ VO 2 . ANP has a strong stimulatory effect on adipose tissue lipolysis and is released from the atrial wall by increased blood volume in the atria (venous return) during exercise in water than on land (Fenzl et al, 2013). On the other hand, because catecholamine stimulates FFA production (Mora-Rodriguez & Coyle, 2000) as well as ANP, enhanced catecholamine on land exercise has the potential to elicit serum FFA production compared with water exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic responses to exercise on land and in water following glucose ingestion

Kurobe

Kousaka

Ogita

et al. 2016

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Although aerobic exercise after a meal decreases postprandial blood glucose, the differences in glucose response between land and aquatic exercise are unclear. Thus, we examined the effect of different modes of exercise with same energy expenditure following glucose ingestion on carbohydrate metabolism. Ten healthy sedentary men (age, 22 ± 1 years) participated in this study. All subjects performed each of three exercise modes (cycling, walking and aquatic exercise) for 30 min after ingestion of a 75-g glucose solution with 1-2 weeks between trials. The exercise intensity was set at 40% of the maximum oxygen uptake that occurred during cycling. The velocity during walking and the target heart rate during aquatic exercise were predetermined in a pretest. The plasma glucose concentration at 30 min after exercise was significantly lower with aquatic exercise compared to that with cycling and walking (P<0·05). However, there were no significant differences among the three exercise modes in respiratory exchange ratio. On the other hand, serum free fatty acid concentration with aquatic exercise was significantly higher at 120 min after exercise compared with that after walking (P<0·05). These results suggest that aquatic exercise reduces postprandial blood glucose compared with both cycling and walking with the same energy expenditure. Aquatic exercise shows potential as an exercise prescription to prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia.

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“…[18] who recently reported an increase of ANP from 29.8 ± 3.4 pmol/l to 82.5 ± 8.3 pmol/l. Assuming an increase from 35 to 55 with a SD of 10, we would need eight patients in each group to achieve 90% power at the 1% significance level (two-sided test).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does continuous endurance exercise in water elicit a higher release of ANP and BNP and a higher plasma concentration of FFAs in pre-obese and obese men than high intensity intermittent endurance exercise? – Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Karner-Rezek

Knechtle

Fenzl³

et al. 2013

Trials

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BackgroundAtrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and Brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) stimulate fat cell plasma membrane receptors. They are potent lipolytic agents on isolated fat cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue. The physiological effects of continuous endurance exercise on ANP release and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations have been well described. The enhancement of fat metabolism using high intensity intermittent exercise protocols has been assessed in more recent investigations. The combined effects of endurance exercise and water immersion on ANP and FFA plasma concentration and the magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) might be further enhanced by choosing the most effective exercise protocol. Exercise modalities may play a significant role in the future prevention and treatment of obesity.Methods/designThe two testing trials will be performed according to a randomized and cross-over design. Twenty healthy sedentary pre-obese and obese class-1 men will be scrutinized with regard to their metabolic responses to continuous exercise in water and to high intensity endurance exercise in water. Both trials will be matched for energy expenditure. After preliminary testing, the tests will be conducted as repeated measurements. The two different exercise protocols will be compared. The aims of the study are to investigate (1) whether continuous endurance exercise or high intensity intermittent endurance exercise in water elicits both a higher release of ANP and BNP and a higher plasma concentration of glycerol and (2) to determine whether continuous endurance exercise in water or a high intensity intermittent endurance exercise in water would lead to a more pronounced short term (two hours) EPOC effect.DiscussionIf our hypothesis would be confirmed, the most effective exercise protocol based on the combined effects of high intensity endurance exercise and water immersion on ANP and BNP release and glycerol plasma concentrations can be identified. Moreover, the magnitude of the EPOC effect can be augmented. Our study would provide a major contribution for creating optimized exercise modalities in the prevention and treatment of obesity.Trial registrationCurrent controlled trials, ISRCTN95488515

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Release of ANP and Fat Oxidation in Overweight Persons during Aerobic Exercise in Water

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Aquatic cycling—What do we know? A scoping review on head-out aquatic cycling

Aquatic cycling—What do we know? A scoping review on head-out aquatic cycling

Metabolic responses to exercise on land and in water following glucose ingestion

Does continuous endurance exercise in water elicit a higher release of ANP and BNP and a higher plasma concentration of FFAs in pre-obese and obese men than high intensity intermittent endurance exercise? – Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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