Release of antioxidants from co-extruded active packaging developed for whole milk powder

Release of synthetic phenolic antioxidants from extruded poly lactic acid (PLA) film

“…BHA and BHT were the two most studied synthetic antioxidants targeted for antioxidant-active packaging while there is no a research study concerning the release of impregnated PG and TBHQ from polymers into foods and food simulants. Briefly, these release studies include BHT from HDPE into food simulants (Till, Ehntholt, Reid, Schwartz, Sidman, Schwope, et al, 1982); BHT from LDPE into fatty food simulants (Wessling, Nielsen, Leufvén, & Jägerstad, 1998) and to oatmeal (Wessling, Nielsen, & Giacin, 2001); BHA and BHT from HDPE-LDPE, PP, PVC and PET into aqueous and fatty food simulants (Dopico-Garcia, Lopez-Vilarino, & GonzalezRodriguez, 2007), BHT from LDPE into Asadero chesse (SotoCantu et al, 2008); BHT from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) into dry milk products and food simulants (Van Aardt et al, 2007); BHA and BHT from multilayer co-extruded films made of HDPE, EVOH and LDPE into milk powder (Granda-Restrepo, Peralta, Troncoso-Rojas, & Soto-Valdez, 2009).…”

Migration of α-tocopherol from an active multilayer film into whole milk powder

“…The multilayer active packaging used in the migration studies was a co-extruded film made of LDPE loaded with 4% (40 mg g À1 ) of a-tocopherol in the inner layer, EVOH in the middle layer, and HDPE with 7% of TiO 2 in the outer layer (Granda-Restrepo et al, 2009). A polyolefin type adhesive was used to adhere the three layers.…”

“…The antioxidant extractions from the multilayer film and the WMP were carried out according to the procedures described by Granda-Restrepo et al (2009). The antioxidant quantification was performed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a HPLC pump (Varian 9012, México) coupled to a fluorescence detector (Varian 9075, México) at 292 nm of excitation wavelength and 310 nm of emission wavelength.…”

“…Pentanal, hexanal and heptanal in the headspace of reconstituted WMP were quantified using gas chromatography with solid phase microextraction (GC-SPME) according to Granda-Restrepo et al (2009). A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector and a 30 m  0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 lm DB5 capillary column (J&W Scientific, Folson, CA, USA) was used for quantification (Varian Star 3400CX, Walnut Creek, CA, USA).…”

“…Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), propyl gallate, a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid have been added to WMP to delay the oxidation processes (Granda-Restrepo, Peralta, Troncoso-Rojas, & Soto-Valdez, 2009;Van Aardt, Duncan, Marcy, Long, & O'Keefe, 2007). The actual trends towards the use of natural additives in food have increased the use of a-tocopherol.…”