Release of Bet v 1 from birch pollen from 5 European countries. Results from the HIALINE study

Buters, Jeroen; Thibaudon, M.; Smith, Matt; Kennedy, Roy; Rantio-Lehtimäki, A.; Albertini, Roberto; Reese, Gerald; Weber, Bernhard H. F.; Galán, Carmen Rueda; Brandão, Rui; Antunes, Célia M.; Jäger, Siegfried; Berger, Uwe; Çelenk, Sevcan; Grewling, Łukasz; Jackowiak, Bogdan; Šaulienė, Ingrida; Weichenmeier, I.; Pusch, Gudrun; Sarioglu, Hakan; Ueffing, Marius; Behrendt, Heidrun; Prank, Marje; Sofiev, M.; Cecchi, Lorenzo

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.054

Cited by 149 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Summaries of the data for the 10 years are organised in two tables in a similar way as Kasperzyk et al (2011) with respect to the annual spore index (the summation of daily mean values), day with maximum concentration and start of season (Table 1). The annual spore index is dimensionless by convention in aerobiology (Mandrioli et al, 1998), although Buters et al (2012) recently have argued that the unit of the associated equation must be grains m −3 . The Alternaria seasons were defined using the 95 % method (Goldberg et al, 1988), as this is the standard analytical method in the Danish pollen and spore program (Skjøth and Sommer, 2010;Sommer and Rasmussen, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Skjøth

Sommer²,

Frederiksen

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study examines the hypothesis that Danish agricultural areas are the main source of airborne Alternaria spores in Copenhagen, Denmark. We suggest that the contribution to the overall load is mainly local or regional, but with intermittent long distance transport (LDT) from more remote agricultural areas. This hypothesis is supported by investigating a 10 yr bi-hourly record of Alternaria spores in the air from Copenhagen. This record shows 232 clinically relevant episodes (daily average spore concentration above 100 m −3 ) with a distinct daily profile. The data analysis also revealed potential LDT episodes almost every year. A source map and analysis of atmospheric transport suggest that LDT always originates from the main agricultural areas in Central Europe. A dedicated emission study in cereal crops under harvest during 2010 also supports our hypothesis. The emission study showed that although the fields had been treated against fungal infections, harvesting still produced large amounts of airborne fungal spores. It is likely that such harvesting periods can cause clinically relevant levels of fungal spores in the atmosphere. Our findings suggest that crop harvest in Central Europe causes episodes of high airborne Alternaria spore concentrations in Copenhagen as well as other urban areas in this region. It is likely that such episodes could be simulated using atmospheric transport models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Skjøth

Sommer²,

Frederiksen

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…As Bet v 1 content of ambient air can differ from birch pollen count 12,13,18 , allergic symptoms might perhaps correlate better with allergen level than with pollen count 14,18 . Hence, the presented method in conjunction with clinical data enables to examine in future experiments whether allergic reactions to birch correspond to the Bet v 1 allergen load of PM10 >0.5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date many studies examine the allergen content in ambient air particulate matter by extracting the respective allergen and subsequent quantification with ELISA 5,[12][13][14]17 . There is a fundamental difference between the procedure described here and the quantification with ELISA: ELISA quantifies the extracted and dissolved antigen, while flow cytometry analyzes the particle-bound antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research however is needed to fully understand this difference. A method to visualize particle-bound antigen is scanning electron microscopy 10,14 . By scanning electron microscopy, Ormstad et al visualized Bet v 1 on the surface of suspended particulate matter soot particles sampled in the high pollen season and to a lesser extent on particles sampled in the low pollen season 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bet v 1 allergen content in PM10 samples has been studied by extracting the respective allergen and subsequent quantification with ELISA [12][13][14] . With the ELISA technique, the dissolved allergen was measured, but the amount of allergen-loaded particles still remained unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Süring

Bach

Höflich

et al. 2016

JoVE

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Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in diameter. In addition to a characterization of forward and sideward scatter properties, it enables the use of fluorescent labeled markers like antibodies to detect respective structures. Using indirect antibody staining, flow cytometry is employed here to quantify birch pollen allergen (precisely Bet v 1)-loaded particles of 0.5 to 10 µm in diameter in inhalable particulate matter (PM10, particle size ≤10 µm in diameter). PM10 particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens possibly transporting them to the lower respiratory tract, where they could trigger allergic reactions.So far the allergen content of PM10 has been studied by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and scanning electron microscopy. ELISA measures the dissolved and not the particle-bound allergen. Compared to scanning electron microscopy, which can visualize allergen-loaded particles, flow cytometry may additionally quantify them. As allergen content of ambient air can deviate from birch pollen count, allergic symptoms might perhaps correlate better with allergen exposure than with pollen count. In conjunction with clinical data, the presented method offers the opportunity to test in future experiments whether allergic reactions to birch pollen antigens are associated with the Bet v 1 allergen content of PM10 particles >0.5 µm.

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Birch allergen challenges in allergic conjunctivitis using standard conjunctival allergen challenge and environmental exposure chamber

Gherasim¹,

Fauquert²,

Domis³

et al. 2021

Clinical & Translational All

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Background Environmental exposure chambers (EECs) have been used extensively to study allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Few studies have been published using EECs in conjunctivitis only, and none have used conjunctival allergen challenge as a selection criterion. The present study validated ALYATEC EEC in allergic conjunctivitis to birch pollen. Methods Sixteen patients with a positive conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) were exposed to 60 ng/m 3 of Bet v 1 in an EEC on two consecutive days for a maximum of 4 h to validate EEC exposure to birch. Reproducibility was tested among seven of the patients. A conjunctival positive scoring during the CAC and the EEC exposure was defined as a Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS) ≥ 5. Results Fifty percent of patients had a conjunctival positive scoring during first exposure and 75% during second exposure. The mean time to a conjunctival response was 81.2 ± 33.9 min and 101.6 ± 57 ( P > 0.05) during first and second exposure, respectively. No difference in TOSS occurred between the two exposures. The time necessary to obtain a positive response during the CAC was significantly shorter than with the EEC. The estimated quantity of Bet v 1 inducing a positive response was 0.07 ± 0.03 ng (exposure 1), 0.07 ± 0.07 ng (exposure 2), 980 ± 784 ng (CAC). Conjunctival positive scoring and quantity of Bet v 1 was reproducible in all six EEC exposures. Conclusions Early conjunctival responses induced by birch allergen exposures in EEC were different than from those identified with direct instillation during CAC. EEC appears to be closer to natural exposure than CAC.

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Release of Bet v 1 from birch pollen from 5 European countries. Results from the HIALINE study

Cited by 149 publications

References 59 publications

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Birch allergen challenges in allergic conjunctivitis using standard conjunctival allergen challenge and environmental exposure chamber

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Release of Bet v 1 from birch pollen from 5 European countries. Results from the HIALINE study

Cited by 149 publications

References 59 publications

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne &lt;i&gt;Alternaria&lt;/i&gt; spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne &lt;i&gt;Alternaria&lt;/i&gt; spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Birch allergen challenges in allergic conjunctivitis using standard conjunctival allergen challenge and environmental exposure chamber

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Product

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Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen

Crop harvest in Denmark and Central Europe contributes to the local load of airborne <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations in Copenhagen