Release of copper complexes from a nanostructured sol–gel titania for cancer treatment

Abstract

Copper complexes containing inorganic ligands were loaded on a functionalized titania (F-TiO 2 ) to obtain drug delivery systems. The as-received copper complexes and those released from titania were tested as toxic agents on different cancer cell lines. The sol-gel method was used for the synthesis and surface functionalization of the titania, as well as for loading the copper complexes, all in a single step. The resultant Cu/F-TiO 2 materials were characterized by several techniques. An ''in vitro'' releasing test was developed using an aqueous medium. Different concentrations (15.6-1000 lg mL -1 ) of each copper complex, those loaded on titania (Cu/F-TiO 2 ), functionalized titania, and cis-Pt as a reference material, were incubated on RG2, C6, U373, and B16 cancer cell lines for 24 h. The morphology of functionalized titania and the different Cu/F-TiO 2 materials obtained consists of aggregated nanoparticles, which generate mesopores. The amorphous phase (in dominant proportion) and the anatase phase were the structures identified through the X-ray diffraction profiles. These results agree with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Theoretical studies indicate that the copper compounds were released by a Fickian diffusion mechanism. It was found that independently of the copper complex and also the cell line used, low concentrations of each copper compound were sufficient to kill almost 100 % of cancer cells. When the cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of the Cu/ F-TiO 2 materials the number of survival cells decreased. Both copper complexes alone as well as those loaded on TiO 2 had higher toxic effect than cis-Pt.

Vanadium, Ruthenium and Copper Compounds: A New Class of Nonplatinum Metallodrugs with Anticancer Activity

“…It was found that independently of the copper complex and also the cell line used, low concentrations of each copper compound were sufficient to kill almost 100 % of cancer cells. Both copper complexes alone as well as those loaded on TiO2 had higher toxic effect than cisplatin [193].…”

Synthesis and characterization of Sn-doped TiO2 film for antibacterial applications

“…The semiconductors such as ZnS, CdSe, InP, Cds, TiO 2 , ZnO, CuO, PbS and Si are exploited for their antibacterial property [10][11][12][13][14]. Of so many semiconductors available, TiO 2 is very often preferred for clinical applications such as to impede bacterial resistance to prevent infections in surgical wounds and burnt patients [15,16]. Different forms of titania such as 1D nanotubes, 2D thin films, etc., have been studied for their antibacterial properties [17][18][19].…”

IO‐TiO2/PCN‐222 Heterostructure with a Tightly Connected Interface and Its Photocatalytic Activity

“…Photocatalysis is a green technology with important applications in the fields of energy and the environment. [2] As one of the key parts of photocatalytic technology, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photocatalyst is generally applied in sewage treatment, photoelectrolysis of water and photodynamic therapy owing to its low cost, high stability and strong oxidation ability. [3][4][5][6] While the wide band gap (about 3.2 eV) and fast electron and hole coupling rate of TiO 2 limit its application in the field of photocatalysis.…”