Release of infectious human enteric viruses by full-scale wastewater utilities

Simmons, F.; Xagoraraki, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.001

Cited by 144 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the peer-reviewed scientific literature, evaluations of log 10 reductions are usually performed by assigning a value (e.g., 0 or LOD [27,61] or one-half the LOD or an arbitrary value [52]) to measurements below the LOD, by ignoring those values (25), or by providing only a lower limit of the actual log 10 reduction (e.g., a log 10 reduction of ՅϪ3.8 [53]). Ignoring censored data or replacing these observations with a given value biases the inference process (62,63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pouillot

Doren

Woods

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log 10 gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log 10 gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log 10 gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log 10 gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log 10 reductions were ؊2.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.9, ؊1.1 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊2.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.6, ؊1.9 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊2.9 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊3.4, ؊2.4 log 10 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were ؊1.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.3, 0.5 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊1.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.1, ؊0.3 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊3.6 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊4.8, ؊2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log 10 reduction in NoV GII and the mean log 10 reduction in MSCs.H uman norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of food-associated gastroenteritis in the United States (1) and Canada (2). U.S. residents are estimated to experience five episodes of norovirus gastroenteritis in their lifetimes (3). NoV is primarily spread via the fecal-oral route. However, attribution of a particular case of NoV illness to a specific source is complex. The transmission may be direct (person to person) or indirect (via contact with contaminated fomites) or may occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or water (4). Noroviruses are genetically diverse, comprising six genogroups (5), three of which (genogroup I [GI], GII, and GIV) are capable of causing illness in humans (6).Among foodborne NoV outbreaks, bivalve molluscs (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels), leafy vegetables, and fruits are the most frequently implicated (7). More than half of the norovirus outbreaks attributed to the consumption of bivalve molluscs in the United States during the years from 2001 to 2008 are believed to have originated from contamination during production or processing (7). Bivalve molluscan shellfish typically grow in estuaries, which may contain NoV-contaminated human fecal material from municipal wastewater outfalls, combined sewer overflow, or nonpoint sources of pollution, including human waste discharged from marine vessels (8, 9). Bivalve molluscan shellfish feed on algae from the surrounding water. During this feeding process, each bivalve mollusc may filter 20 to 90 liters of water per day and bioaccumulate a variety of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that are associated with pollution sources (8,(10)(11)(12). Significantly, molluscan shellfish have been found to retain viruses to a greater extent and for much longer periods than they do bacteria (8,13,14). Bivalve molluscs, therefore, may become contaminated with NoV when they are grown in harvesting areas contaminated with human wastes.In the United States and in Canada, ar...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pouillot

Doren

Woods

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Crop irrigation with treated wastewaters is also common (27,28,29), and vegetables or fruits contaminated with viruses contained in sewage are a threat for the consumer. In fact, data from environmental monitoring and the increasing attention paid to water-transmitted diseases have driven technological improvement in wastewater treatment protocols (30,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses and High-Level Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses during Sewage Surveillance in Seven Italian Cities, after Several Years of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination

Battistone

Buttinelli

Fiore

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A method by Haramoto et al [28] [29] by using seven-fold serial dilutions of the stock culture extracts and a detection limit of 10 copies of the target DNA per reaction was set for each of the RT-PCR assays. At the end of all the PCR cycles, fluorescence activity data were collected and followed by SDS software (Applied Biosystems) analysis to obtain quantitative data on the concentration of viral DNA in each well.…”

Section: Formulation Of Standard Curves and Rt-pcr Sensitivity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the prevalence of enteric viruses in the final effluents of two peri-urban wastewater treatment plants

Gcilitshana¹,

Sibanda²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Asian Pac J Trop Dis

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Release of infectious human enteric viruses by full-scale wastewater utilities

Cited by 144 publications

References 34 publications

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sporadic Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses and High-Level Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses during Sewage Surveillance in Seven Italian Cities, after Several Years of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination

Assessment of the prevalence of enteric viruses in the final effluents of two peri-urban wastewater treatment plants

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