Release of PYY from pig intestinal mucosa; luminal and neural regulation

Sheikh, Søren Paludan; Holst, Jens J.; Orskov, C.; Ekman, Rolf; Schwartz, Thue W.

doi:10.1016/0167-0115(89)90193-6

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A role for vagal efferents in the control of PYY and GLP-1 secretion has also been reported. The strongest evidence comes from experiments in pigs, where electrical vagal stimulation increased PYY secretion from the vascularly isolated ileum (Sheikh et al, 1989).The potential contributions of vagal afferents and efferents to the outcome of RYGB surgery could easily be tested in an animal model using selective abdominal vagotomies and chemical de-afferentations by means of locally applied capsaicin.…”

Section: Vagal Mechanisms Affected By Obesity Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

265

199

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Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver provide a rapid and discrete account of digestible food in the alimentary canal, as well as circulating and stored fuels, while vagal efferents together with the sympathetic nervous system and hormonal mechanisms codetermine the rate of nutrient absorption, partitioning, storage, and mobilization. Although vagal sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural mechanism of satiation, there is little evidence suggesting a significant role in long-term energy homeostasis. However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter-and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis.

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Section: Vagal Mechanisms Affected By Obesity Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

265

199

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“…PYY and its structural homolog, NPY, are also potent vasoconstrictors and interact with the sympathetic nervous system in regulating blood pressure; the effect of PYY release on blood flow should also not be discounted when considering exocrine secretion (55). Vagal stimulation releases PYY into the circulation (57). Recent work suggests that two molecular forms of PYY circulate in human plasma: PYY-(1-36) and PYY-(3-36); after a meal, PYY-(3-36) seems to be the predominant circulating form (58).…”

Section: Pancreatic Polypeptide (Pp) and Peptide Yy (Pyy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohormonal Control of Human Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion

et al. 1995

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Near the end of the last century, Pavlov suggested that pancreatic secretion was exclusively controlled by neural reflex mechanisms (1). In 1902, Bayliss and Starling published their results on secretin, opening the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology while arguing that neural regulation of the pancreas is "superfluous and improbable" (2). In the following decades, especially after the discovery of cholecystokinin (CCK), it was generally held that exocrine pancreatic secretion is mainly regulated by hormones. Thus, investigators have historically tended to adopt an "all-or-nothing" approach; current appreciation of the complexity of mechanisms governing most biologic phenomena leads us to accept that the pancreas is regulated through an interplay of multiple neural and hormonal pathways.Several factors have impeded conclusive definition of the relative contribution of neural and hormonal control of pancreatic secretion. First, the information accumulated over the last several years clearly indicates that results obtained in one species cannot be directly transferred to another. Second, many conclusions were based on infusion of regulatory peptides at supraphysiologic concentrations, which may not accurately reveal their physiologic role. Sensitive and specific assays detecting postprandial plasma levels have now been established for most relevant substances. Third, even infusion of peptides at postprandial plasma levels may not fully elucidate their role as physiologic mediators.Plasma levels obtained from peripheral veins do not necessarily reflect concentrations at the pancreatic receptor, and exogenous infusion may not accurately mimic endogenous release. Fourth, selective receptor antagonists for the peptides in question have only recently become available. The application of effective receptor blockers (e.g., pentanoic acid and benzodiazepine derivatives for CCK receptors) has greatly aided our understanding of physiologic roles. Fifth, pancreatic function is regulated not only by peptide hormones from gastrointestinal endocrine cells, but also by regulatory peptides localized in pancreatic nerve fibers. Finally, pancreatic function is integrated through a complex interaction of mucosal, humoral, neural, and myogenic factors that regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility. Analysis of a single factor allows only a limited view of pancreatic function as an integral component of the gastroenteropancreatic system.In this review, we have attempted to bring together findings from our groups and others, in order to provide an integrative concept of the neurohormonal systems controlling human exocrine pancreatic secretion. This overview evolved from the first Frank Pickering Brooks Basic Science Lecture, given by the first author at the American Pancreatic Association in 1992. For further review of the regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion in man and other species, we also refer the reader to several excellent reviews published recently (3-7). EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF SECRETAGOGUESIntr...

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“…6,7 but swine may be a more appropriate model to study bariatric surgical changes because of anatomic similarity 8 and gut peptide responses to fasting and feeding, relative to humans. 9,10 Swine have been utilized in several recent animal models evaluating RYGBP, but few have been survival experiments and none have focused on gut peptide and physiologic changes after surgery. The aim of this project was to establish a postoperative survival model of RYGBP in swine and to evaluate its feasibility for use as a model in physiologic research after gastrointestinal surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%