Release of Small Phenolic Compounds from Brewer’s Spent Grain and Its Lignin Fractions by Human Intestinal Microbiota in Vitro

Aura, Anna‐Marja; Niemi, Piritta; Mattila, Ismo; Niemelä, Klaus; Smeds, Annika; Tamminen, Tarja; Faulds, Craig B.; Büchert, Johanna; Poutanen, Kaisa

doi:10.1021/jf4024195

Cited by 26 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Interactions of the very insoluble DF analysed here as a sum of SSM and SIM with colonic bacteria remain to be studied. We have previously shown that recalcitrant lignin-rich fractions of brewer's spent grain are to a small extent metabolised in an in vitro colon model to, for example, 4-methyl catechol ( 55 , 56 ), and ferulic acid together with its metabolites such as hydroxylated phenylpropionic and acetic acids ( 57 ) has been suggested to be one mediator of health effects of cereal DF ( 58 ). Bilberry phenolics are mainly anthocyanins, which can be converted to their specific benzoic acid derivatives ( 59 , 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilberry and bilberry press cake as sources of dietary fibre

Aura

Holopainen-Mantila²,

Sibakov³

et al. 2015

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundDietary recommendations for Nordic countries urge the use of plant foods as a basis for healthy nutrition. Currently, the level of dietary fibre (DF) intake is not adequate. Berries are an elementary part of the recommended Nordic healthy diet and could be consumed in higher amounts.Materials and methodsFinnish bilberries and a bilberry press cake from juice processing were studied for DF content, carbohydrate composition, and non-carbohydrate fibre content, which was analysed as sulphuric acid insoluble and soluble material. The microstructure of all samples was also studied using light microscopy and toluidine blue O, calcofluor, and acid fuchsin staining.ResultsThe total DF contents of fresh and freeze-dried bilberries and the press cake were 3.0, 24.1, and 58.9%, respectively. Most of the DF was insoluble. Only about half of it was carbohydrate, the rest being mostly sulphuric acid–insoluble material, waxy cutin from skins, and resilient seeds. Bilberry seeds represented over half of the press cake fraction, and in addition to skin, they were the major DF sources. Microscopy revealed that skins in the press cake were intact and the surface of the seeds had thick-walled cells.ConclusionsBilberry press cake is thus a good source of insoluble non-carbohydrate DF, and could be used to provide DF-rich foods to contribute to versatile intake of DF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilberry and bilberry press cake as sources of dietary fibre

Aura

Holopainen-Mantila²,

Sibakov³

et al. 2015

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Although multiple classification systems have been suggested for dietary fibers (Institute of Medicine, 2001; Tungland and Meyer, 2002), the characteristics of solubility and fermentability have been proposed as the most appropriate classifications (Tungland and Meyer, 2002;Dhingra et al, 2012). Although many ingredients contain multiple types of fibers, Figure 2 highlights the range of solubility and fermentability that generally characterize common fiber sources used in the pet food industry (Iktor et al, 1989;Naran et al, 2008;Aura et al, 2013;McRorie, 2013;Azad et al, 2014;Chung et al, 2017;Gupta et al, 2018). The physical and chemical properties of the fiber, including particle size and bulk volume, surface area characteristics, and hydration properties determine accessibility of the fiber to microbial degradation, as well as the physiological effects of the fiber (Dhingra et al, 2012) and thus the metabolic fate of the fiber in the digestive tract (Dhingra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Complex Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.

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“…In addition, it has been suggested that the intestinal microbiota, particularly Lactobacilli (e.g., L. salivarius , L. paracasei , L. rhamnosus ) and Bifidobacteria (e.g., B. adolescentis, B. breve , B. longum ), can partially degrade the lignin in BSG and metabolize the compounds released (Niemi et al 2013 ). More recently, partial lignin degradation mediated by human fecal microbiota was shown in a colon intestine model (Ohra-aho et al 2016 ; Aura et al 2013 ). Here, it was suggested that lactic acid bacteria can easily adapt in BSG-based broth, thus paving the way for the use of probiotic strains as starter cultures for further improvement of the bioactive properties of fermented BSG (Gupta et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Brewers’ Spent Grain In Human and Animal Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microorganisms on biotransformation of brewers’ spent grain

Bianco

Budroni

Zara

et al. 2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product of brewing. Due to its microbiological instability and high perishability, fresh BSG is currently disposed of as low-cost cattle feed. However, BSG is an appealing source of nutrients to obtain products with high added value through microbial-based transformation. As such, BSG could become a potential source of income for the brewery itself. While recent studies have covered the relevance of BSG chemical composition in detail, this review aims to underline the importance of microorganisms from the stabilization/contamination of fresh BSG to its biotechnological exploitation. Indeed, the evaluation of BSG-associated microorganisms, which include yeast, fungi, and bacteria, can allow their safe use and the best methods for their exploitation. This bibliographical examination is particularly focused on the role of microorganisms in BSG exploitation to (1) produce enzymes and metabolites of industrial interest, (2) supplement human and animal diets, and (3) improve soil fertility. Emerging safety issues in the use of BSG as a food and feed additive is also considered, particularly considering the presence of mycotoxins. Key points • Microorganisms are used to enhance brewers’ spent grain nutritional value. • Knowledge of brewers’ spent grain microbiota allows the reduction of health risks.

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Release of Small Phenolic Compounds from Brewer’s Spent Grain and Its Lignin Fractions by Human Intestinal Microbiota in Vitro

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Bilberry and bilberry press cake as sources of dietary fibre

Bilberry and bilberry press cake as sources of dietary fibre

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

The role of microorganisms on biotransformation of brewers’ spent grain

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