Release of Trace Elements from Bottom Ash from Hazardous Waste Incinerators

Dung, Trần Thị Thu; Vassilieva, Elvira; Swennen, Rudy; Cappuyns, Valérie

doi:10.3390/recycling3030036

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Waste from the combustion of plant biomass-both of agricultural and forest origin-is usually not very polluted, especially not by heavy metals [6,20]. The situation is completely different in the case of the combustion of solid waste of various origin, including hazardous waste, where the total content of trace elements can be counted in thousands of mg•kg −1 [35]. Some publications also mention another use-addition to cement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Possibilities of Natural Use of Ash Granulate Obtained from the Combustion of Pellets from Plant Biomass

2019

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As a step towards the diversification of electricity and heat sources, the EU countries suggest the use of biomass. The combustion of biomass poses the problem of the use of ash produced in the process. There are fluctuations in the properties of energetic biomass, which results in high variability of ash obtained by combustion, especially in terms of specific conductivity (EC) (8.1–9.7 mS·cm−1), the total content of components and their bioavailability. The combustion of biomass leads to large fluctuations in the total content of carbon in the ash (13.6%–28.6%). In this way, waste material with very different biological properties and cation exchange capacity is obtained. Ash from the combustion of biomass is an alkalizing material, rich in Ca, K and Mg carbonates (4.5%). The high average bioavailability of Pb (87.4%), Cd (63.1%) and Zn (46.9%) present in the ash is an environmental problem. The mobility of these heavy metals was reduced by half by the addition of bentonite during the process of ash granulation. With high doses of ash (4.4% of the mass of substrate), there is a significant bioaccumulation of Cd in the roots of Begonia semperflorens and Thuja occidentalis (1.0–3.8 mg·kg−1). Another disturbing issue is that during the cultivation of these plants, Cr is bioaccumulated in the roots (0.5–3.8 mg·kg−1).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Possibilities of Natural Use of Ash Granulate Obtained from the Combustion of Pellets from Plant Biomass

2019

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“…In Vietnam, residual ash has been treated by separation and solidification/stabilization or dumped, rather than treated by thermal degradation (Hue et al 2015(Hue et al , 2016Dung et al 2017;Pham et al 2019b). The improper release of untreated ash (e.g., landfilling or open dumping next to plants) has been reported in this developing country (Dung et al 2018;Lee et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the estimation of human exposure to CBzs should be based on multiple pathways (i.e., inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact) and other sources because these pollutants have been found in the air, soil, water, and food (Peattie et al 1984;WHO 2004;Djohan et al 2007;Brahushi et al 2017). On the other hand, residual ash from incinerators also contains a variety of toxic substances like heavy metals and organic pollutants such as PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs (Hue et al 2016(Hue et al , 2019bDung et al 2018;Anh et al 2020c). It should be noted that many PCDD/F, PCB, and PAH compounds are classified as human carcinogens and their toxicity contribution may be more relevant than those of CBzs.…”

Section: Medical Waste Incinerator Municipal Waste Incineratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse impacts of emissions from improperly operated waste incinerators have received great attention in Vietnam (Thanh and Matsui 2011;Van den Berg and Duong 2018). Some recent studies have reported the occurrence of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated benzenes (CBzs) in flue gas and ash samples collected from several municipal, medical, and industrial waste incinerators along the country (Hue et al 2015(Hue et al , 2016(Hue et al , 2019aDung et al 2018;Pham et al 2019a, b;Anh et al 2020b). Information about treatment methods for incinerator ash in Vietnam is relatively scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations, profiles, emission inventory, and risk assessment of chlorinated benzenes in bottom ash and fly ash of municipal and medical waste incinerators in northern Vietnam

Nguyen

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Concentrations and congener profiles of seven di-to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs) were characterized in bottom ash and fly ash samples collected simultaneously from one medical waste incinerator (MEWI) and one municipal waste incinerator (MUWI) in northern Vietnam. Total concentrations of seven CBzs in the fly ash samples ranged from 6.98 to 34.4 (median 19.1) ng g −1 in the MEWI, and ranged from 59.1 to 391 (median 197) ng g −1 in the MUWI. Concentrations of CBzs in the bottom ash samples of the MEWI (median 1.95; range 1.53-5.98 ng g −1 ) were also lower than those measured in the MUWI samples (median 17.4; range 14.5-42.6 ng g −1 ). Levels of CBzs in the fly ash samples were significantly higher than concentrations measured in the bottom ash samples, partially indicating the low-temperature catalytic formation of these pollutants in post-combustion zone. In general, higher chlorinated congeners (e.g., hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene) were more abundant than lower chlorinated compounds. However, compositional profiles of CBzs were different between the ash types and incinerators and even between the same sample types of different sampling days, suggesting that the formation of CBzs in these incinerators is complicated and influenced by many factors. Emission factors and annual emission amounts of CBzs were estimated for the two incinerators by using actually measured data of CBz concentrations in the ash. Daily intake doses and cancer risks of ash-bound CBzs estimated for workers in the two incinerators were generally lower than critical values, but cancer risks caused by other relevant pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxin-related compounds) were not considered.

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“…These elements are mainly used as catalysts in various industries such as oil and petrochemical industries and refineries (Table S3). Eu and Zn also show strong correlations; Eu is mainly dependent on the earth's crust, Zn is dependent on waste, and in general, the correlation between the two can indicate the source of accumulation of waste in the bed of wetlands and rivers [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Investigation Of Enrichment Factors and Correlation Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of positive matrix factorization and pollutants tracing for identification of dust sources: A case study in Khuzestan, Iran

Akbari

Kakuee

Shahbazi³

et al. 2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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In this study for identification of internal and external origins of dust events in the southwest of Iran, for the first time, a comprehensive dust sampling was performed in nine regions of Khuzestan over the four seasons. The dust samples were analyzed using INAA nuclear technique. Factors obtained from applying the PMF Modeling indicated five kinds of pollutant sources which include 1) Sedimentary surface soil/dried bed of wetlands, 2) steel and metalworking industries, 3) refineries, 4) waste, and 5) solid fuel as well as oil fuel power plants. These identified sources were used as the tracers to identify the internal dust sources. Investigation of NASA AOT images and the synoptic data at the event dates showed that in the period of mid-autumn up to the early winter, dust events had external origins, that are mainly situated in Iraq and Saudi Arabia, while in the period of mid-summer to early autumn and mid-winter up to the early spring, the internal sources such as mud-salt zones or areas with fine sediments with evaporitic deposits and puffy grounds in the regions between Omidieh - Mahshahr, south, and southeast of Ahvaz, “Dasht-E-Azadegan,” and dried bed of Hoor-Al-Azim are more dominant.

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Release of Trace Elements from Bottom Ash from Hazardous Waste Incinerators

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Study on the Possibilities of Natural Use of Ash Granulate Obtained from the Combustion of Pellets from Plant Biomass

Study on the Possibilities of Natural Use of Ash Granulate Obtained from the Combustion of Pellets from Plant Biomass

Concentrations, profiles, emission inventory, and risk assessment of chlorinated benzenes in bottom ash and fly ash of municipal and medical waste incinerators in northern Vietnam

Application of positive matrix factorization and pollutants tracing for identification of dust sources: A case study in Khuzestan, Iran

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