Releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Near the Edge of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Distribution

Weseloh, Ronald M.; Bernon, Gary; Butler, Linda; Fuester, Roger W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Stehr, Frederick W.

doi:10.1093/ee/24.6.1713

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Apart from influencing the food quality available to pests through forest conversion (''bottom-up effects'': Lesniak 1976;Schopf and Hartl 1997), the susceptibility to economically significant pest infestation can also be reduced by the promotion of natural pest antagonists (''top-down effects'' : Nyffeler 1982;Gould et al 1990;Ferguson et al 1994;Weseloh et al 1995;Raymond et al 2002;Tanhuanpa¨a¨et al 2003). In temperate forests, in addition to pathogenic microorganism, arthropod, and vertebrate predators, parasitoid wasps are regarded as especially effective agents in biological pest control (Hassell 1986;Quicke 1997;Memmott et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of single-layered Scots pine monocultures into close-to-nature mixed hardwood forests: effects on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists

Jäkel¹,

Roth²

2004

Eur J Forest Res

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In the north Saxon lowlands (near Torgau), effects of conversion of pure pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) into mixed stands by planting deciduous trees [Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl] were investigated on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists. The effects of planting deciduous trees in pine stands were investigated using the strategy of space-for-time substitution including advanced plantations of beech and oak of different age classes. Wasps were captured at 4-week intervals by ground photoeclectors (GPE, n=6, 1 m 2 ) and flight-interception traps (FIT, n=8), placed in the tree crown layer during the vegetation period (AprilOctober) of 2000. A total of 32,479 parasitoid wasps belonging to 30 families were caught in the traps. Fiftynine percent of individuals were representatives of families relevant as antagonists of forest insect pests: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Trichogrammatidae, and Scelionidae. Compared to the pure pine stand, individual numbers of most families of parasitoid wasps were statistically significantly higher in mixed stands with deciduous trees. The clearest promoting effects of deciduous trees on parasitoid wasps were manifested in the oldest age classes of advanced beech and oak plantations. Oak exerted stronger effects than beech. This applied especially to the tree crown layer, the stratum with the highest spatial correlation between important phytophagous pine pests and relevant parasitoids. The increased structural diversity of the stands and the broader spectrum of potential hosts are regarded as key factors for the promoting effects of advanced plantings of deciduous trees in pine stands on the community of parasitoid wasps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of single-layered Scots pine monocultures into close-to-nature mixed hardwood forests: effects on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists

Jäkel¹,

Roth²

2004

Eur J Forest Res

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“…There are several studies showing that the beetle C. sycophanta may be a useful natural control agent against lepidopteran species (Weseloh et al, 1995;Kanat and Mol, 2008;Evans, 2009;Ceylan et al, 2012). When compared with chemical insecticides, predator insects are effective alternative biological control agents that Figures 3-8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that one pair of C. sycophanta can consume several hundred lepidopterous larvae (Ferrero, 1985). Because of these properties, the beetle has been tested or used for the biological control of some important lepidopteran pests such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Ferrero, 1985;Weseloh, 1985Weseloh, , 1990Weseloh et al, 1995;Evans, 2009), the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) (Evans, 2009), and the pine processionary moths Thaumetopoea processionea L. (Ferrero, 1985) and Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of a microsporidium in the predatory beetle Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Yaman¹,

Eroğlu²,

Radek³

2016

Turk J Agric For

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Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a voracious predatory beetle that feeds on several important lepidopteran pests. It is mass reared in laboratory breeding and released against forest pests. Any infection in this beetle is undesirable because it impacts production of effective and healthy beetles. In the present study, a microsporidian pathogen was found in C. sycophanta. Mature spores of the pathogen are single, uninucleate, oval, and small, measuring about 3.04 × 1.7 µm. The spore wall is 100 to 110 nm thick and consists of two layers: an electron-dense outer layer, the exospore (30-35 nm), and an electron-lucent inner layer (the endospore; 70-80 nm). The polaroplast is of the lamellated type with thin lamellae anteriorly and thick lamellae posteriorly. A polar sac with an anchoring disc of the polar filament is clearly seen anteriorly. The polar filament is isofilar and has 8 coils, each 70 to 95 nm in diameter. The microsporidium presented here is the first pathogen recorded from this beetle and is tentatively classified as Microsporidium sp.

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“…Among invertebrates, both the adults and larvae of Calosoma sycophantha (Carabidae) are the main predator of larvae and pupae of the gypsy moth (Weseloh ; Weseloh et al. ; McManus and Csóka ). In Germany, Austria and Slovakia, the abundance of coleopteran predators increase with the increase in gypsy moth populations (Bathon ; Hoch et al.…”

Section: The Effects Of Natural Enemies On Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural enemies and environmental factors affecting the population dynamics of the gypsy moth

Alalouni

Schädler

Brandl

2013

J Applied Entomology

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The population densities of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) may reach outbreak levels that pose considerable economic and environmental impacts to forests in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe in North America and other parts of the world. Thus, the release from natural enemies can be interpreted as an important cause for high feeding damages. Natural enemies, especially parasitoids, can cause delayed densitydependent mortality, which may be responsible for population cycles. In North America where only few parasitoids have been introduced and the parasitism rates are considerably lower than in Europe, generalist predators play a larger role than in Europe. Many other factors seem to influence the population dynamics of the gypsy moth such as the host plants and weather. Nevertheless, much of the variability in population densities of the gypsy moth may be attributed to interacting effects of weather conditions and attack by natural enemies. In spite of the considerable number of studies on the ecology and population dynamics of the gypsy moth and the impact of their natural enemies, more quantitative information is required to predict the population dynamics of this pest species and to control its economic and ecologic impact.

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Releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Near the Edge of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Distribution

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Conversion of single-layered Scots pine monocultures into close-to-nature mixed hardwood forests: effects on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists

Conversion of single-layered Scots pine monocultures into close-to-nature mixed hardwood forests: effects on parasitoid wasps as pest antagonists

Occurrence of a microsporidium in the predatory beetle Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Natural enemies and environmental factors affecting the population dynamics of the gypsy moth

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