Relevance of Emerging Ecosystem Service Science and Policy to the United States Department of Defense

Abstract

The concept of ecosystem services has been increasingly applied to ensure the benefits from ecosystems are incorporated into decision making. This idea supports sustainability goals by linking natural capital with financial capital. The concept of ecosystem services can assist the United States Department of Defense (DoD) in making natural resources decisions today for improved long-term outcomes. The concept also has strategic planning implications because the military's role continues to evolve along with international security concerns. This report summarizes the latest literature on ecosystem services in science and policy, to describe ways in which emerging applications of this concept may impact military planning and policy. The report's four sections provide an overview of the concept of ecosystem services and its recent adoption by major science and policy stakeholders; reviews of some recent applications of the concept; links of these applications to military activities; and recommendations and conclusions. The study concludes the DoD needs to (1) successfully engage with stakeholders on conservation issues; (2) use new tools and data sources in decision making; and (3) prepare for new regulatory requirements. The DoD should move forward with institutionalizing the concept of ecosystem services through additional research, engagement, training, and outreach. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.