Relevance of MIA and S100 serum tumor markers to monitor BRAF inhibitor therapy in metastatic melanoma patients

Quantitative Cell-Free Circulating BRAFV600E Mutation Analysis by Use of Droplet Digital PCR in the Follow-up of Patients with Melanoma Being Treated with BRAF Inhibitors

“…In contrast, BRAF mutations detected in tumor tissue do not correlate with disease outcome (31 ). Other circulating tumor markers, such as LDH, MIA, and S100B, have been proposed to be of use in the follow-up of the patients (22,23 ), and these 3 tumor markers also correlated with cfBRAF V600E at baseline. Additionally, because this DNA mutation is a requisite for therapy with iBRAF, its analysis in blood could be of value as a surrogate of tumor burden during the treatment of melanoma BRAF V600E patients.…”

“…There is an unmet need for biomarkers for measuring the tumor burden in melanoma with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as a proper surrogate of tumor response (22,23 ). The aims of the present work were to analyze the changes in the concentrations of cfBRAF V600E in blood by ddPCR in patients with advanced melanoma being treated with iBRAF and to correlate the changes with the clinical evolution of the disease.…”

Biomarkers in Malignant Melanoma: Recent Trends and Critical Perspective

“…Another prospective study demonstrated that S100B level during response to dabrafenib or vemurafenib treatment is of prognostic value. Here, patients with high S100B levels showed a shorter progression-free disease (55). In patients with lesions of Breslow thickness >1 mm, Swiss and German guidelines recommend S100B quantification every 3-6 months for the first 1-5 years, and every 6-12 months for years [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Circulating Biomarkers in Malignant Melanoma

“…In comparison to molecular markers, LDH correlates well with tyrosinase expression [84]. [133] Tumor burden [134] Survival [135,136,138,[139][140][141][142][143][144]147] Tumor burden [134] Not for survival [132,145] CNS metastases [147] Not for sentinel lymph node [145] [146] Not for follow-up [132] Staging [4] S100 I/II vs. IV [132] IIIB/C vs. IV [133] Tumor burden [134] Survival [132][133][134]136,143,[148][149][150][151]153] Tumor burden [134] Not for survival [145] Tumor size in lymph node [153] Not for sentinel lymph node [145] Follow-up [132,134,152,153,155] Follow-up [234] MIA IIIB/C vs. IV [133] Tumor burden [134] Tumor burden [134] Su...…”

“…Others reported that this percentage increased to 81% in metastatic melanoma [167]. Serum concentration appears to correlate with Breslow tumor thickness [184] and tumor burden measured under RECIST 1.1 criteria [134]. In one study, all stage IIIB/C and IV patients with S100B higher than 0.13 μg/L had metastasis, and all had distant metastasis if S100B was higher than 1.6 μg/L [133].…”