Relevance of obesity and overweight to salivary and plasma proteomes of human young adults from Brazil / Relevância da obesidade e sobrepeso para os proteomas salivares e plasmáticos de adultos jovens humanos do Brasil

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic condition related to multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity can lead to a metabolic change, creating a prolonged and low-intensity inflammatory process. This study aims to analyze the plasma and saliva proteomes of young adults with obesity and overweight comparing to normal weight individuals, to reveal if the rise on body mass influences the proteomic profiles. The reported population consisted of 18 students and/or employees of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, aged between 18 and 35 years. Individuals were categorized according to their anthropometric measures in the Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese groups. Proteomic characterization was assessed by quantitative Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI Q/TOF). In addition, cytokines were identified by Multiplex analysis. A total of 118 human proteins from saliva and plasma were identified, including 7 that were common between both fluids. The salivary and plasma proteomes seemed to be related to the body mass index, once the three groups showed distinct proteome profiles. Altogether 49 proteins presented different abundances between the obese, overweight, and normal weight individuals. The main functional category modified in both fluids was the immune response. Most of the modified proteins were previously reported as related to inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, in particular alpha-1 antitrypsin, C3 complement, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein AI and lysozyme, that could be tested to possible use as early biomarkers of obesity comorbidities.

Shared proteomic patterns among high BMI and comorbidities may indicate potential biomarkers in a Brazillian population

“…Clinical examinations were conducted as described previously [20]. The examination included anthropometric measurements (BMI, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio), blood pressure evaluation, and laboratory blood analysis.…”

“…Then saliva was collected using a sterile tube. Each sample was mixed with 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and 1 mM de Protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich) [20]. Samples were processed as previously described [24,25].…”

“…The plasma samples were processed according to [20]. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected intravenously also after 12 hours fasting and stored in tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant (Vacuplast EDTA k3).…”