Relevance of transthoracic left atrial appendage wall velocity measurement in addition to left atrial volume for noninvasive and quantitative assessment of left atrial thrombogenesis in patients with atrial fibrillation and normal D-dimer levels

Abstract

The noninvasive measurement of transthoracic LAAWV in addition to LA volume is clinically relevant for quantitatively assessing thrombogenesis in AF patients with normal D-dimer levels.

Plasma fibrin D-dimer and the risk of left atrial thrombus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Twelve (57.1%) studies confined the population to patients with AF [ 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], with reported percentages of patients with AF ranged from 20%-86% in 7 (33.3%) studies [ 12 , 18 , 22 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], besides, 2 (9.5%) studies focused on patients in sinus rhythm [ 23 , 36 ], 4 studies (19.0%) restricted to the population of patients with mitral stenosis [ 23 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], among which, 2 studies reported the prevalence of mitral stenosis ranged from 6.0% to 27.5% [ 28 , 37 ]. Of 21 included studies, 12 (57.1%) studies reported mean or median DD values [ 13 , 18 , 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 37 ], 5 (23.8%) studies reported frequency and DD cutoff value on LAT [ 22 , 23 , 31 , 33 , 34 ], and 4 (19.0%) studies reported both [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 36 ]. 11 studies have available information to calculate a ratio of the presence of LAT among individuals in the top vs bottom third of DD levels[ ...…”

“…Of 21 included studies, 12 (57.1%) studies reported mean or median DD values [ 13 , 18 , 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 37 ], 5 (23.8%) studies reported frequency and DD cutoff value on LAT [ 22 , 23 , 31 , 33 , 34 ], and 4 (19.0%) studies reported both [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 36 ]. 11 studies have available information to calculate a ratio of the presence of LAT among individuals in the top vs bottom third of DD levels[ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 ].…”

“…Eleven studies [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 ] were included for estimating the association of DD on the presence of LAT. Of 1856 involved patients (weighted mean age of 60.3 years old), 238 patients have TEE identified LAT.…”

“… ① Abu-Mahfouz M et al [ 12 ]; ② Habara S et al [ 20 ]; ③ Sugiura S et al [ 21 ]; ④ Rajappa M et al [ 33 ];⑤ Somloi M et al [ 22 ]; ⑥ Kadle N et al [ 34 ]; ⑦ Naresh K et al [ 36 ]; ⑧ Yoshida N et al [ 31 ]; ⑨ Kurakula N et al [ 23 ]. …”