“…TQM practices are a set of management concepts and tools that seek to involve managers, employees and workers in order to yield continuous performance improvement (Hogg, 1993;Shank & Govindarajan, 1994;Johnson, 1994;Powell, 1995;Boaden, 1997;Chenhall, 1997;Hoque, 2003). Shank and Govindarajan (1994, pp.16-17) note that "whichever approach a firm chooses, quality is such an important strategic variable that management accounting can no longer ignore it."…”