Relevance to the higher order structure may govern auditory statistical learning in neonates

Abstract

Hearing is one of the earliest senses to develop and is quite mature by birth. Contemporary theories assume that regularities in sound are exploited by the brain to create internal models of the environment. Through statistical learning, internal models extrapolate from patterns to predictions about subsequent experience. In adults, altered brain responses to sound enable us to infer the existence and properties of these models. In this study, brain potentials were used to determine whether newborns exhibit context-dependent modulations of a brain response that can be used to infer the existence and properties of internal models. Results are indicative of significant context-dependence in the responsivity to sound in newborns. When common and rare sounds continue in stable probabilities over a very long period, neonates respond to all sounds equivalently (no differentiation). However, when the same common and rare sounds at the same probabilities alternate over time, the neonate responses show clear differentiations. The context-dependence is consistent with the possibility that the neonate brain produces more precise internal models that discriminate between contexts when there is an emergent structure to be discovered but appears to adopt broader models when discrimination delivers little or no additional information about the environment.

Probing beat perception with event-related potentials (ERPs) in human adults, newborns, and non-human primates

“…Háden et al showed that newborns are sensitive to changes in the presentation rate of the stimulation, can detect the beginning of sound trains, and react to the omission of expected stimuli (Háden et al, 2012). Furthermore, there are indications that newborns can learn hierarchical rules (Moser et al, 2020), and can integrate contextual information in their predictions about future events over both shorter (Háden et al, 2015) and longer time periods (Todd et al, 2022). Some of the abilities that reflect the general organization of temporal pattern processing in the brain may be present even before term birth.…”