Relevant insights into onychomycosis’ pathogenesis related to the effectiveness topical treatment

Costa, Polyana de Souza; Mendes, Vanessa; Veiga, Flávia Franco; Negri, Melyssa; Svidzinski, Terezinha Inez Estivalet

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105640

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The natural infection shows few signals of keratolysis (Figure 1A), which can be related to the little invasiveness of the fungus into the nail 3,17 . Thus, confirming that biofilm formation plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis due to Candida spp 2,5 . Similarly, those caused by Fusarium spp., although less intense, are also associated with a pattern of inflammation, as illustrated in Figure 1B, accompanied by pain and paronychia 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…3,17 Thus, confirming that biofilm formation plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis due to Candida spp. 2,5 Similarly, those caused by Fusarium spp., although less intense, are also associated with a pattern of inflammation, as illustrated in Figure 1B, accompanied by pain and paronychia. 18 Meanwhile, for T. rubrum, differently from two opportunistic fungi, biofilm causes a classical onychomycosis with onycholysis and without inflammation signals.…”

Section: Con Clus I On S and Per S Pec Tive Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails, known for its chronicity and difficulty to treat. 1,2 Their main etiologic agents are the dermatophyte fungi, which account for 90% of cases of onychomycosis in toenails and 50% of fingernails. However, some opportunistic fungi also have increasingly been associated with onychomycosis.

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confidence: 99%

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Insights on the etiopathogenesis of onychomycosis by dermatophyte, yeast and non‐dermatophyte mould in ex vivo model

Veiga

Castro-Hoshino

Rezende

et al. 2022

Experimental Dermatology

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Fungal biofilms have been involved in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis, but the aspects contributing to this association need to be enlightened. This study aimed to investigate the ability of three different fungi to form biofilm on the nail. All evaluated fungi were able to grow on the nails, using them as the only nutritional source and formed a structure strongly suggestive of biofilms. However, their architecture and morphology were highly contrasting: Candida albicans showed dense growth, exhibited a well‐structured community and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), and FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy reinforced these findings revealing components suggestive of the biofilm. For Fusarium oxysporum, these events were also observed, but in lower intensity. Furthermore, while Trichophyton rubrum presented a well‐organized architecture, the ECM was not visualized. We hypothesize that these findings are related to the symptomatology of onychomycosis. When it is caused by a non‐dermatophyte, it usually is accompanied with paronychia, pain, oedema, inflammation and few signals of keratolysis, while dermatophytes are more associated with intense onycholysis and absence of the inflammatory signals. Biofilm seems to be crucial for non‐dermatophytes to cause onychomycosis, but not for T. rubrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Con Clus I On S and Per S Pec Tive Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights on the etiopathogenesis of onychomycosis by dermatophyte, yeast and non‐dermatophyte mould in ex vivo model

Veiga

Castro-Hoshino

Rezende

et al. 2022

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection, it accounts for 30% of superficial mycoses in dermatological consultations and up to 50% of all onychopathies, being particularly common in tropical countries [ 1 ]. The infection can affect the nail plate of one or more nails and cause discoloration, hyperkeratosis and/or a change in texture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermatophytes mainly of the genera Trichophyton , Microsporum and Epidermophyton , as well as the Candida species are the most common causative agents of onychomycosis [ 4 ]. However, non-dermatophyte filamentous fungi (NDF), such as species of Fusarium , Aspergillus , Penicillium , Scopulariopsis , Scedosporium and Neoscytalidium (before named Scytalidium ) have increased significantly as the cause of onychomycosis, mainly in tropical zones [ 1 ]. Some Fusarium species are important not only for producing the nail infection, but also because they can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised patients [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides

et al. 2022

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Perylene-based compounds, either naturally occurring or synthetic, have shown interesting biological activities. In this study, we report on the broad-spectrum antifungal properties of two lead amphiphilic perylene bisimides, compounds 4 and 5, which were synthesized from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride by condensation with spermine and an ammonium salt formation. The antifungal activity was evaluated using a collection of fungal strains and clinical isolates from patients with onychomycosis or sporotrichosis. Both molecules displayed an interesting antifungal profile with MIC values in the range of 2–25 μM, being as active as several reference drugs, even more potent in some particular strains. The ammonium trifluoroacetate salt 5 showed the highest activity with a MIC value of 2.1 μM for all tested Candida spp., two Cryptococcus spp., two Fusarium spp., and one Neoscytalidium spp. strain. Therefore, these amphiphilic molecules with the perylene moiety and cationic ammonium side chains represent important structural features for the development of novel antifungals.

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