Reliability and construct validity testing of a questionnaire to assess nomophobia (QANP)

Abstract

Background: The real meaning of the term nomophobia remains somewhat obscure in studies assessing this disorder. There is an increasing interest in further exploring nomophobia: however, currently available measuring tools appear to only address mobile phone abuse and/or addiction. The objective of this study was to create a Spanish-language instrument to measure nomophobia.
 Methods: We developed an 11-item scale that we administered to 968 participants drawn from the population of Granada (Spain). We first performed an Exploratory Factor Analysis. After assessing the nomological validity of the scale, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
 Results: The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a three-factor structure. Factor 1 (Mobile Phone Abuse) comprised five items that described 19% of the variance; Factor 2 (Loss of Control) comprised three items that explained 12% of the variance; and Factor 3 (Negative Consequences) comprised three items that explained 10% of the variance. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient was 0.80.
 Limitations: Nomophobia is a modern disorder that has yet to be classified as a disease. Self-report measures are affected by biased replies, and therefore the presence of confounders may be a potential issue.
 Conclusion: This scale is reliable and valid. It provides future researchers with the means to measure nomophobia in the Spanish population.

Classification of nomophobia among Chinese college students: Evidence from latent profile and ROC analysis

“…Although NMP has been suggested to be treated as a special diagnosis category of anxiety disorder, it can be difficult to distinguish whether an individual does in fact have NMP or not ( Bragazzi & Del Puente, 2014 ; Yildirim & Correia, 2015 ). Some instruments have been developed to assist in its measurement, including the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildirim & Correia, 2015 ), the Questionnaire to Assess Nomophobia (QANP; Ferri-García, Olivencia-Carrión, Rueda, Jiménez-Torres, & López-Torrecillas, 2019 ), and the Fırat Nomophobia Scale ( Kanbay, Akçam, Özbay, Özbay, & Fırat, 2022 ). Of these, the NMP-Q is currently the most popular scale and used widely and has been translated into more than 10 different languages including but not limited to European Portuguese ( Galhardo, Loureiro, Massano-Cardoso, & Cunha, 2023 ), Spanish ( González-Cabrera, León-Mejía, Pérez-Sancho, & Calvete, 2017 ), Turkish ( Yildirim, Sumuer, Adnan, & Yildirim, 2016 ), and Chinese ( Ma & Liu, 2021 ).…”

Propiedades psicométricas del Test de Dependencia al Móvil(TDM) en estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos

“…841 [24]. Añadido a ello, en otra investigación sobre fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario para evaluar la nomofobia (QANP) reveló un coeficiente de fiabilidad de Alpha de Cronbach de 0,80 [25]. Por último, en la Escala de adicción a teléfonos inteligentes (SAS) se evidenció un alfa de Cronbach de 0,94 [26].…”