Reliability and Energy-Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Sensor Networks: An Adaptive and Cross-Layer Approach

Abstract

Abstract-A major concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is energy conservation, since battery-powered sensor nodes are expected to operate autonomously for a long time, e.g., for months or even years. Another critical aspect of WSNs is reliability, which is highly application-dependent. In most cases it is possible to trade-off energy consumption and reliability in order to prolong the network lifetime, while satisfying the application requirements. In this paper we propose an adaptive and cross-layer framework for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standards. The framework involves an energy-aware adaptation module that captures the application's reliability requirements, and autonomously configures the MAC layer based on the network topology and the traffic conditions in order to minimize the power consumption. Specifically, we propose a low-complexity distributed algorithm, called ADaptive Access Parameters Tuning (ADAPT), that can effectively meet the application-specific reliability under a wide range of operating conditions, for both single-hop and multi-hop networking scenarios. Our solution can be integrated into WSNs based on IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee without requiring any modification to the standards. Simulation results show that ADAPT is very energy-efficient, with near-optimal performance.

Zigbee Based Communication System for Future Micro-Grids Using Http and MQTT Protocols

“…Potentiometer resistance is varied through resistive strip which is made of carbon. Conductive strip helps the potentiometer to carry the current into the circuit in accordance with the resistance [5].…”

A learning-based algorithm for optimal mac parameters setting in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks

“…Hence, a number of strategies have been proposed, to derive the optimal CSMA/CA parameters in 802.15.4 sensor networks. The proposed approaches range from offline computation [9], to model-based adaptation [10] and measurement-based adaptation [11]. A simulation-based comparative analysis of the previous strategies has been carried out in [12].…”

“…In addition, the analytical model requires knowing the number of sensor nodes and other input parameters that are generally unknown and/or difficult to predict. An alternate approach consists in using a measurement-based strategy as in [11], where the ADaptive Access Parameters Tuning (ADAPT) algorithm is proposed. ADAPT is a heuristic algorithm that dynamically adapts the CSMA/CA parameters to the current operating conditions, based on local measurements of the packet delivery probability.…”

“…Specifically, CSMA/CA parameters are increased/decreased depending on the packet delivery probability experienced by the sensor node. ADAPT does not require any input parameter (beyond the minimum packet delivery probability required by the applications) and can be used in any real scenario [11]. However, it still has a couple of limitations, as emphasized in [12].…”

Battery Aware Beacon Enabled IEEE802.15.4: An Adaptive and Cross-Layer Approach

“…The model has also been extended to cope with the extra consumption that the node re-association requires when a packet loss occurs. Mario et al [13] proposed an adaptive and cross-layer energy-aware module for energy-efficient and reliable data collection targeted towards IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee WSNs. The proposed module captures the packet delivery ratio at the application and configures the MAC layer parameters, which are backoff window size and the number of (re)transmissions, according to the traffic conditions in order to minimize the power consumption.…”