Reliability and limitations of GPR for identifying objects embedded in concrete – Experience from the lab

Oikonomopoulou, Erato; Palieraki, Vasiliki; Sfikas, Ioannis P.; Trezos, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00898

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Many research studies discuss the effectiveness of the GPR to assess concrete slab conditions and to detect rebar, cracks, voids, and other issues in concrete. Oikonomopoulou et al report a laboratory application of GPR on six concrete slabs, where several objects made of different materials are embedded within [19]. They concluded that the GPR is effective in the identification the embedded objects.…”

Section: Figure 1 Illustrates the Principle Of Ground Penetrating Rad...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ground Penetrating Radar for Pyrite Swelling Detection in Soils

KhoderAgha,

Assaf

2024

Civ Eng J

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Pyrite swelling in soils below buildings is a major issue. It leads to severe deformations in floor foundations. A survey is carried out at a selected site in the city of Laval, Quebec, to assess the usefulness of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect deformations that may be indicative of the presence of pyrite. Four soil samples are taken from the aforementioned site to determine the soil type below the concrete slab. The results indicate the presence of limestone, moor clay, and shale sediments, which are prone to pyrite swelling. The GPR data were collected using the GSSI SIR 4000 with a high frequency antenna and processed using RADAN software. The GPR data indicate the presence of severe deformation in many locations of the concrete slab. The most important wave reflections indicative of pyrite swelling are the rebar reflections, showing interesting pushed-up and dropped-down reflections. These reflections appear in two forms. The first is the attenuated reflections that may occur due to pyrite-rich materials. The second is the high amplitude reflections that occur because of the air void, which can be formed due to heaving the concrete slab because of pyrite swelling. As a result, GPR appears to be an effective method for assessing and mapping the effect of pyrite swelling below concrete slabs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-05 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Figure 1 Illustrates the Principle Of Ground Penetrating Rad...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ground Penetrating Radar for Pyrite Swelling Detection in Soils

KhoderAgha,

Assaf

2024

Civ Eng J

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“…In addition, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a rock mass is also affected by attenuation due to the degree of water saturation, water mineralization, distance, porosity variation, and the number of discontinuities [60,[76][77][78][79]. The high-frequency antenna choice (>1 GHz) provides a higher resolution in detecting the dimensions and geometries of reflectors/elements in a medium, which may be associated with internal changes/discontinuities [58,80,81]. However, the penetration depth with these high-frequency antennas is lower than the 900 and 400 MHz central-frequency antennas used in earlier GPR campaigns.…”

Section: Gpr Of Alt1 Control Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of a high-frequency antenna (>1 GHz) was intended to improve the resolution in detecting internal reflectors and changes/disruptions at a 50 cm depth in the Polychrome Hall ceiling. This antenna configuration provided depth penetration ranging from 0 cm to approximately 50-60 cm, depending on the medium and its electromagnetic properties, while maintaining a highresolution capability [58,80].…”

Section: Gpr Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Analysis of Pigment Migrations in Cave of Altamira’s Prehistoric Paintings

Bayarri,

Prada,

García

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The conservation of Cultural Heritage in cave environments, especially those hosting cave art, requires comprehensive conservation strategies to mitigate degradation risks derived from climatic influences and human activities. This study, focused on the Polychrome Hall of the Cave of Altamira, highlights the importance of integrating remote sensing methodologies to carry out effective conservation actions. By coupling a georeferenced Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with a 1.6 GHz central-frequency antenna along with photogrammetry, we conducted non-invasive and high-resolution 3D studies to map preferential moisture pathways from the surface of the ceiling to the first 50 cm internally of the limestone structure. In parallel, we monitored the dynamics of surface water on the Ceiling and its correlation with pigment and other substance migrations. By standardizing our methodology, we aim to increase knowledge about the dynamics of infiltration water, which will enhance our understanding of the deterioration processes affecting cave paintings related to infiltration water. This will enable us to improve conservation strategies, suggesting possible indirect measures to reverse active deterioration processes. Integrating remote sensing techniques with geospatial analysis will aid in the validation and calibration of collected data, allowing for stronger interpretations of subsurface structures and conditions. All of this puts us in a position to contribute to the development of effective conservation methodologies, reduce alteration risks, and promote sustainable development practices, thus emphasizing the importance of remote sensing in safeguarding Cultural Heritage.

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“…Under the conditions described in [23], the detection depth was determined to be up to 20 m at 100 MHz, up to 7 m at 270 MHz and up to 5 m at 400 MHz. Tere are commercial GPR scanners for the examination of steel-reinforced concrete parts [24][25][26]. Higher frequencies usually provide a higher resolution and reduced penetration depth while lower frequencies provide greater penetration depth with reduced resolution [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Structural Health Monitoring of the Grouted Connection of a Monopile-Based Offshore Wind Turbine: Fatigue Testing Using a Scaled Laboratory Demonstrator

Maetz,

Kappel,

Wiemann

et al. 2023

Structural Control and Health Monitoring

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Offshore wind turbines play a significant role in the expansion of clean and renewable energy. However, their exposure to harsh marine environments and dynamic loading conditions poses significant challenges to their structural integrity. In particular, the grouted connection, serving as the crucial interface between the monopile and the transition piece, is susceptible to cracking and particle washout that can lead to destabilizing grout erosion over time. In this paper, we propose a microwave structural health monitoring (SHM) approach for damage detection in grouted connections based on a stepped-frequency continuous wave radar. The methodology exploits ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic wave propagation in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 2 GHz, where the microwaves propagate along the concrete-type dielectric material guided by the surrounding steel cylinders. For the proof of concept, a scaled laboratory demonstrator was built that realistically models the dynamic loading experienced by a full-scale monopile. The structure was equipped with an UWB radar system using two transmitting and three receiving antennas directly coupled to the grout. For validation, a large number of other sensors, i.e., accelerometers, strain gauges, and acoustic emission sensors have also been installed and measured synchronously during the fatigue test. It is demonstrated here that the proposed SHM methodology offers a nondestructive and real-time method for assessing the structural integrity of the grouted connection directly, actively, and automatically. This has the potential to support predictive maintenance activities in the future.

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Reliability and limitations of GPR for identifying objects embedded in concrete – Experience from the lab

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of Ground Penetrating Radar for Pyrite Swelling Detection in Soils

Assessment of Ground Penetrating Radar for Pyrite Swelling Detection in Soils

Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Analysis of Pigment Migrations in Cave of Altamira’s Prehistoric Paintings

Microwave Structural Health Monitoring of the Grouted Connection of a Monopile-Based Offshore Wind Turbine: Fatigue Testing Using a Scaled Laboratory Demonstrator

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