Reliability and validity of 4D rasterstereography under dynamic conditions

Betsch, Marcel; Wild, Michael; Jungbluth, Pascal; Hakimi, M.; Windolf, Joachim; Haex, Bart; Horstmann, Thomas; Rapp, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.03.008

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Multiple studies have shown the high accuracy and reliability of this system [11,12]. Hackenberg et al [13] compared radiographs with rasterstereographic measurements and found a good correlation of r = 0.89 for the frontal deviation in subjects even with scoliosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the amount of leg length inequality that alters spinal posture in healthy subjects using rasterstereography

et al. 2013

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Purpose Leg length inequalities (LLIs) can result in an increased energy consumption, abnormal gait or osteoarthritis of the hip. In a previous study we simulated different LLIs of up to 15 mm and evaluated their effects on the pelvic position and spinal posture. We found a correlation between LLIs and resulting changes of the pelvic position. Despite suggestions in the literature we were not able to detect significant changes of the spinal posture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the amount of LLI that would in fact alter the spinal posture. Methods The subjects were placed on a simulation platform, whose height could be precisely controlled by the measuring device, to simulate different LLIs of up to 20 mm. For LLIs [20 mm, additional precision-cut wooden blocks were used under one foot. After an adaptation period the resulting changes of the pelvis and spine were measured with a rasterstereographic device. ResultsWe found a significant correlation between platform height changes and changes of the pelvic position. The frontal spinal parameters surface rotation and lateral deviation changed significantly when simulating differences greater than 20 mm. No changes of the sagittal spinal curvature were measured, however, a trend to decreasing kyphotic angles was noted. Conclusions Our study has shown for the first time that LLIs [20 mm will lead to significant changes in the spinal posture of healthy test subjects. However, these changes were only found in frontal (surface rotation and lateral flexion) spinal parameters, but not in sagittal parameters. Here for the kyphotic angle only a tendency to decreasing angles was noted. We have also found a significant correlation between different leg lengths and changes of the pelvic position. Further, females and males seem to react in the same way to LLIs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the amount of leg length inequality that alters spinal posture in healthy subjects using rasterstereography

et al. 2013

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“…In a series of studies, rasterstereography has proven to have high reliability and accuracy when compared to x-rays [13], [19], [20], [21]. However, it would be of great value to be able to also three-dimensionally evaluate the spine under dynamic conditions to provide a better understanding, of the rigidity of scoliosis or phenomena like the influence of pelvic obliquity and leg length inequality on the spine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Novel Spine and Surface Topography System for Dynamic Spinal Curvature Analysis during Gait

Betsch¹,

Wild²,

Johnstone³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionThe assessment of spinal deformities with rasterstereography can enhance the understanding, as well as can reduce the number of x-rays needed. However, to date this technique only allows measurements under static conditions. Since it would be of great value to be able to also analyze the spine in dynamic conditions, the present study evaluated a novel rasterstereographic system.Materials and MethodsA new rasterstereographic device was evaluated in a comparison with the gold standard in motion analysis, the VICON system. After initial testing using 12 flat infrared markers adhered to a solid plate, the two systems were evaluated with the markers adhered onto the backs of 8 test subjects. Four triangles were defined using the markers, and the sides of each triangle were measured under static and dynamic conditions.ResultsOn the solid plate, the sides of the 4 triangles were measured with a measuring tape and then by the two optical systems. Rasterstereography showed a high accuracy in marker detection on the solid plate. Under dynamic conditions, with the subjects walking on a treadmill, the rasterstereographically-measured side lengths were compared with the lengths measured by the VICON system as an assessment of marker detection. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the systems, differing only 0.07–1.1% for all sides of the four triangles with both systems.DiscussionA novel rasterstereographic measurement device that allows surface and spine topography under dynamic conditions was assessed. The accuracy of this system was with one millimeter on a solid plate and during dynamic measurements, to the gold standard for motion detection. The advantage of rasterstereography is that it can be used to determine a three-dimensional surface map and also allows the analysis of the underlying spine.

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“…From the orientation of the skin surface over the lumbar dimples, it is also possible to draw conclusions on pelvic torsion around the transverse axis (17). The high accuracy and reliability of this technique was shown in multiple studies (22,26). In comparison to radiographic measurements, Hackenberg et al (20) showed a good correlation coefficient of 0.89 for frontal deviation of the spine in subjects with scoliosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this study, we measured the immediate effects of different foot positions and height on pelvis position and spinal posture with a rasterstereographic device. We have decided to use rasterstereography because it is contact free, accurate, and highly reliable (26,34). A further advantage of rasterstereography is that it allows statements about both pelvic position and spinal posture.…”

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Influence of foot positions on the spine and pelvis

Betsch

Schneppendahl

Dor

et al. 2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. The management of knee osteoarthritis includes the use of wedged shoe insoles to unload the affected knee compartment. Although the biomechanical effects of shoe insoles on the knee joint are known and described, only little is known about their influence on the pelvis and spine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different foot positions, such as how they could be achieved by shoe insoles, on pelvic position and spinal posture. Methods. A total of 51 test subjects were measured for this study. The different foot positions (inner and outer margin increase, positive and negative heel height) were simulated with a specially designed stand platform. A rasterstereographic device was used to measure the immediate effects of the simulated foot positions on the pelvic position and spinal posture. Results. Positive and negative heel heights as well as an increase of the outer margin of the platform led to significant changes of the pelvic tilt. The pelvic torsion also changed significantly during positive heel height changes of 10 and 15 mm and increases of the outer margin of the foot. No significant changes were found between foot position and spinal parameters. Conclusion. The results of our study support the existence of a kinematic chain, where changes of foot position also led to significant alterations of the pelvic position. Whether these changes could lead to long-term pathologic alterations still needs to be evaluated. However, in our setting, no correlation between foot position and spinal posture changes was found.

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Reliability and validity of 4D rasterstereography under dynamic conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of the amount of leg length inequality that alters spinal posture in healthy subjects using rasterstereography

Determination of the amount of leg length inequality that alters spinal posture in healthy subjects using rasterstereography

Evaluation of a Novel Spine and Surface Topography System for Dynamic Spinal Curvature Analysis during Gait

Influence of foot positions on the spine and pelvis

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