Reliability and validity of PHQ-9 when administered by health workers for depression screening among women in primary care

Indu, Pillaveetil Sathyadas; Anilkumar, Thekkethayyil Viswanathan; Vijayakumar, Krishnapillai; Kumar, Krishan; Sarma, P. Sankara; Remadevi, Saradamma; Andrade, Chittaranjan

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.07.021

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is a self-reported measure for screening depression on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from not at all experiencing the symptoms to experiencing them nearly every day for the past 4 weeks. The overall scores of the questionnaire are categorized as minimal/no depression (0-4), mild depression (5-9), moderate depression (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), or severe depression (15-27) 11 . This scale has also been widely used with Indian populations and has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties (sensitivity, 87.1%; specificity, 79.7%; and Cronbach's α, 0.87) 12 .…”

Section: Mental Health Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Chakraborty¹,

Subbiah

Damade

2020

Eur J Dent

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Objective In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indian Government imposed a countrywide lockdown of 21 days from March 25 to April 14, 2020, which was further extended to 60 days. The sudden draconian measures changed the delivery of dental education and practice throughout the country. The study aimed to screen for depression during the COVID-19 lockdown and the factors associated with it among dental students and practitioners in highly COVID-19 infected states of India. Materials and Methods The current study is an online cross-sectional survey performed in Delhi NCR, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu during May 2020. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling. The main outcome measure was the screening of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which was categorized as mild, moderate, and severe depression. The data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Version 23.0. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of depression. Results In total, 335 dental students and practitioners participated in the survey. Among this, a significant number of the dental students (54%) and practitioners (44%) scored moderate to severe depression in terms of depression severity according to the PHQ-9 scores. Those who were screened depressed were likely to be males and younger than 30 years old. The results of correlation analysis indicated that worry about the professional growth, concerns regarding setbacks in clinical and research experiences, previous history of mental health issues, and fear of contracting COVID-19 from patients were positively related to higher depression scores in students. Moreover, for practitioners, fear of contracting COVID-19 from the patients scored higher levels of depression. The practitioners who reported less concern about their practice/job post COVID-19 lockdown and those who were able to meet their financial expenses during the lockdown were the least likely to be depressed. Conclusion The results of this study indicate a high level of depression among a significant number of dental students and practitioners. It is important to monitor and address the mental health needs of dental students and practitioners during and after the lockdown.

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Section: Mental Health Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Chakraborty¹,

Subbiah

Damade

2020

Eur J Dent

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“…Parkinson's disease [38][39][40][41][42][43] • Chilean adolescents [44] • Primary care in South Africa [45] • Iranian psychiatric outpatients [46] • Korean American elderly [47] • Nepal, with added idioms of distress [48] • MSM* in Haiti [49] • Germans and Turkish immigrants in Germany [50] • Pregnant women [51] • Polish hospitalized elderly [52] • Administered through interactive voice technology [53] • Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Malawi and The Netherlands [54,55] • Employees on sick leave [56] • Pregnant women in Ethiopia [57] • Chinese Americans in primary care [58] • General population in Hong Kong [59] • Chinese [60] • Korean [61] • Malayalam [62] • Portuguese [63] • Polish [52] • Latvian and Russian [64] • Afaan Oromo [57] • Japanese [65] PTSD tools CPSS N/A…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Moore

Loenhout

Almeida

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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Background: The effects of disasters and conflicts are widespread and heavily studied. While attention to disasters' impacts on mental health is growing, mental health effects are not well understood due to inconsistencies in measurement. Objective: The purpose of this study is to review mental health assessment tools and their use in populations affected by disasters and conflicts. Method: Tools that assess posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, and general mental health were examined. This review began with a search for assessment tools in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Next, validation studies for the tools were obtained through snowball sampling. A final search was conducted for scientific studies using the selected tools in humanitarian settings to collect the data for analysis. The benefits and limitations described for each tool were compiled into a complete table. Results: Twelve assessment tools were included, with 88 studies using them. The primary findings indicate that half of the studies used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The most common limitation discussed is that self-report tools inaccurately estimate the prevalence of mental health problems. This inaccuracy is further exacerbated by a lack of cultural appropriateness of the tools, as many are developed for Western contexts. Conclusion: It is recommended that researchers and humanitarian workers reflect on the effectiveness of the mental health assessment tool they use to accurately represent the populations under study in emergency settings. In addition, mental health assessment should be coupled with action.

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“…21 The reliability and validity of the Malayalam translation of PHQ-9 has already been established. 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 The reliability and validity of the Malayalam translation of PHQ-9 has already been established. 22 Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI): Dementias have been included along with SMI in this study as dementia is very common in old age. EASI is a tool developed as a measure of activities of daily living appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in illiterate rural elderly people in India.…”

Section: Study Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Research Protocol of SENIOR Project—Psychiatric Services and Support System for Serious Mental Illness in Old Age, Kerala, India

Thavody¹,

Tm²,

Cm³

et al. 2020

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Background: India has the second-largest population of elderly in the world. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of the mental disorders that result in significant functional impairment and is usually long term. Persons with SMI face several challenges in their old age that are different from the issues faced by younger people with SMI. Understanding the problems faced by elderly individuals suffering from SMI is fundamental for planning programs to address them. The SENIOR (Support Systems Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Old age) project is a study aimed at evaluating the problems faced in obtaining mental health care by elderly persons having SMI in the Kerala state of India. Aim: To describe the scientific methodology of the SENIOR project. Methods: This study employs mixed-methods cross-sectional design among a minimum sample of 768 SMI patients identified through cluster sampling from three districts, and Focus Group Discussion among mental health program officials. Discussion: This paper presents a methodological model to assist researchers in future field epidemiological studies on mental illness. Assessing service needs and barriers to access for the most vulnerable among the mentally ill will help the policymakers make evidence-based decisions to improve their quality of life.

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Reliability and validity of PHQ-9 when administered by health workers for depression screening among women in primary care

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

The Research Protocol of SENIOR Project—Psychiatric Services and Support System for Serious Mental Illness in Old Age, Kerala, India

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