Reliability and Validity of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire

Lefly, Dianne L.; Pennington, Bruce F.

doi:10.1177/002221940003300306

Cited by 213 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The adult mathematical history questionnaire (AMHQ) described here is modelled after the adult reading history questionnaire (ARHQ) 12 . The AMHQ consists of six questions, each scored on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scores on the adult reading history questionnaire (ARHQ) 11,12 and adult mathematical history questionnaire (AMHQ) questionnaires (see Methods), designed to detect a history of reading and mathematics learning difficulties indicative of dyslexia and dyscalculia, separate the control neuropsychiatric CNV carriers from population controls with an effect of 0.50 s.d. (P 5 3.1 3 10 26 ) and 0.55 s.d.…”

Section: The Neuropsychiatric Cnvs As a Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls

Stefánsson

Meyer‐Lindenberg

Steinberg

et al. 2013

Nature

626

568

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In a small fraction of patients with schizophrenia or autism, alleles of copy-number variants (CNVs) in their genomes are probably the strongest factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. These CNVs may provide an entry point for investigations into the mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction alike. They are not fully penetrant and offer an opportunity to study their effects separate from that of manifest disease. Here we show in an Icelandic sample that a few of the CNVs clearly alter fecundity (measured as the number of children by age 45). Furthermore, we use various tests of cognitive function to demonstrate that control subjects carrying the CNVs perform at a level that is between that of schizophrenia patients and population controls. The CNVs do not all affect the same cognitive domains, hence the cognitive deficits that drive or accompany the pathogenesis vary from one CNV to another. Controls carrying the chromosome 15q11.2 deletion between breakpoints 1 and 2 (15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion) have a history of dyslexia and dyscalculia, even after adjusting for IQ in the analysis, and the CNVonly confers modest effects on other cognitive traits. The 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects brain structure in a pattern consistent with both that observed during first-episode psychosis in schizophrenia and that of structural correlates in dyslexia.Little information is available on whether or how rare CNVs conferring high risk of schizophrenia and/or autism affect physiologic function of otherwise normal brains. As none of these CNVs hitherto described are fully penetrant for the diseases, and both schizophrenia and autism affect cognition, we aimed to examine the possibility that the CNVs affect cognition in control carriers, those who do not suffer either disease or intellectual disability. We based our selection of CNVs on a literature search for CNVs associated with schizophrenia and/or autism ('neuropsychiatric CNVs'); this search produced 26 CNV alleles (Supplementary Table 1) 1-3 . These CNV alleles are rare, found in 0.002% to 0.2% frequency, and cumulatively in 1.16% of our sample of 101,655 genotyped subjects, representing approximately one-third of the Icelandic population ( Supplementary Tables 1 and 2).We used the subset of genotyped subjects born before 1968, without excluding patients, to examine the association of each neuropsychiatric CNV with reproductive outcome ('fecundity'), defined simply as the number of children each subject had by age 45. After correction for multiple comparisons, three neuropsychiatric CNVs were significantly associated with fecundity (Table 1). Subjects carrying the 16p11.2 deletion or the 22q11.21 duplication show reduced fecundity, with the effect in males significantly greater than in females (P 5 0.0083 and P 5 0.029 for the difference in effect by sex for the 16p11.2 deletion and the 22q11.21 duplication, respectively). In contrast, individuals carrying the 16p12.1 deletion have more children than do controls (Table 1). Those with deletions at 15q11.2(...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Neuropsychiatric Cnvs As a Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls

Stefánsson

Meyer‐Lindenberg

Steinberg

et al. 2013

Nature

626

568

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…All participants completed a battery of reading and cognitive tests for dyslexia, described below. In addition, participants completed the Portuguese adaptation of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire (QHL; Lefly & Pennington, 2000), which is a reliable tool for dyslexia screening (Alves & Castro, 2004). Written informed consent was provided for each participant in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical and sublexical orthographic processing: An ERP study with skilled and dyslexic adult readers

Araújo

Faísca²,

Bramão

et al. 2015

Brain and Language

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a b s t r a c tThis ERP study investigated the cognitive nature of the P1-N1 components during orthographic processing. We used an implicit reading task with various types of stimuli involving different amounts of sublexical or lexical orthographic processing (words, pseudohomophones, pseudowords, nonwords, and symbols), and tested average and dyslexic readers. An orthographic regularity effect (pseudowords-nonwords contrast) was observed in the average but not in the dyslexic group. This suggests an early sensitivity to the dependencies among letters in word-forms that reflect orthographic structure, while the dyslexic brain apparently fails to be appropriately sensitive to these complex features. Moreover, in the adults the N1-response may already reflect lexical access: (i) the N1 was sensitive to the familiar vs. less familiar orthographic sequence contrast; (ii) and early effects of the phonological form (words-pseudohomophones contrast) were also found. Finally, the later N320 component was attenuated in the dyslexics, suggesting suboptimal processing in later stages of phonological analysis.

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“…Full-scale IQ (FIQ) was normal to above average for all participants with a mean of 121 ± 8.2 and a range from 105 to 134. Additional assessments of reading and spelling were acquired: the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE) 2nd edition (Torgesen et al 1999), Phonemic Decoding and Sight Word Efficiency subtests (PDE and SWE), the Adult Reading History Questionnaire (ARHQ) (Lefly and Pennington 2000), the Woodcock-Johnson IIIA Spelling subtest (WJ-SP) (McGrew and Woodcock 2001), Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) of Numbers (RAN-N) and Letters (RAN-L) (Wolf and Denckla 2005), the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (WRMT) (Woodcock 1987, 25), and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) (Dunn and Dunn 1997). Detailed participant characteristics are provided in Table 1, where we note the number of participants who scored below 90 (bottom 25th percentile) or above 110 (upper 25th percentile) on standardized reading measures.…”

Section: Participants and Cognitive Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Adult Reading Are Associated with Left Temporo-parietal to Dorsal Striatal Functional Connectivity

2015

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Reading skills vary widely in both children and adults, with a number of factors contributing to this variability. The most prominent factor may be related to efficiency of storage, representation, or retrieval of speech sounds. This phonological hypothesis is supported by findings of reduced activation in poor readers in left hemisphere ventro-lateral prefrontal and temporo-parietal phonological processing regions. Less well explained by phonological theories are reported hyperactivation in prefrontal, striatal, and insular regions. This study investigated functional connectivity of a core phonological processing region, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), in relation to reading skill in an adult community sample. We hypothesized that connectivity between TPJ and regions implicated in meta-analyses of reading disorder would correlate with individual differences in reading. Forty-four adults aged 30-54, ranging in reading ability, underwent resting fMRI scans. Data-driven connectivity clustering was used to identify TPJ subregions for seed-based connectivity analyses. Correlations were assessed between TPJ connectivity and timed-pseudoword reading (decoding) ability. We found a significant correlation wherein greater left supramarginal gyrus to anterior caudate connectivity was associated with weaker decoding. This suggests that hyperactivation of the dorsal striatum, reported in poor readers during reading tasks, may reflect compensatory or inefficient overintegration into attention networks.

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Reliability and Validity of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire

Cited by 213 publications

References 15 publications

CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls

CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls

Lexical and sublexical orthographic processing: An ERP study with skilled and dyslexic adult readers

Individual Differences in Adult Reading Are Associated with Left Temporo-parietal to Dorsal Striatal Functional Connectivity

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