Reliability and validity of the cocaine selective severity assessment

Kampman, Kyle M.; Volpicelli, Joseph R.; McGinnis, David E.; Alterman, Arthur I.; Weinrieb, Robert M.; D'Angelo, Lisa; Epperson, Louise

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00011-2

Cited by 235 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Subjects underwent a full physical and neurological examination by a neurologist and a diagnostic interview by a clinical psychologist. This interview included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (research version) (36,37), the Addiction Severity Index (38), the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment Scale (39), and the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (40). All subjects were able to understand and give informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction

Goldstein

Alia‐Klein²,

Tomasi³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

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Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hypoactivations during cognitive processing characterize drug addicted individuals as compared with healthy controls. However, impaired behavioral performance or task disengagement may be crucial factors. We hypothesized that ACC hypoactivations would be documented in groups matched for performance on an emotionally salient task. Seventeen individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) and 17 demographically matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a rewarded drug cue-reactivity task previously shown to engage the ACC. Despite lack of group differences in objective or subjective taskrelated performance, CUD showed more ACC hypoactivations throughout this emotionally salient task. Nevertheless, intensity of emotional salience contributed to results: (i) CUD with the largest rostroventral ACC [Brodmann Area (BA) 10, 11, implicated in default brain function] hypoactivations to the most salient task condition (drug words during the highest available monetary reward), had the least task-induced cocaine craving; (ii) CUD with the largest caudal-dorsal ACC (BA 32) hypoactivations especially to the least salient task condition (neutral words with no reward) had the most frequent current cocaine use; and (iii) responses to the most salient task condition in both these ACC major subdivisions were positively intercorrelated in the controls only. In conclusion, ACC hypoactivations in drug users cannot be attributed to task difficulty or disengagement. Nevertheless, emotional salience modulates ACC responses in proportion to drug use severity. Interventions to strengthen ACC reactivity or interconnectivity may be beneficial in enhancing top-down monitoring and emotion regulation as a strategy to reduce impulsive and compulsive behavior in addiction.blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI ͉ salience ͉ brain-behavior dissociation ͉ craving ͉ cocaine use I n the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (I-RISA) model we have emphasized the role of the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC) in core clinical symptoms of drug addiction that encompass attribution of enhanced salience to drug cues at the expense of the salience attributed to nondrug-related stimuli (1). Supporting this core I-RISA hypothesis, neuroimaging studies in drug addicted individuals demonstrate ACC and OFC hyperactivations during drug-related cue reactivity (2), including craving (3, 4) and hypoactivations during performance of neutrally valenced cognitive tasks (5-9). Because these hypoactivations in addicted individuals could reflect impaired performance (5-8) or decreased engagement (9), in the current study we set out to determine whether ACC hypoactivations in addiction can still be observed in groups matched for overt performance on an emotionally salient task. This is a crucial question because the clinical implications for such hypoactivations even in the absence of overt behavioral group differences may be pronounced. For example, t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction

Goldstein

Alia‐Klein²,

Tomasi³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

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“…This interview included the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorders (research version in refs. 44 and 45), the Addiction Severity Index (46), the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment Scale (47), and the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (48). Subjects were excluded for (i) history of head trauma, loss of consciousness (>30 min), or other neurological disease of central origin (including seizures), (ii) abnormal vital signs at time of screening and history of major medical conditions, encompassing cardiovascular (including high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias apart from sinus bradycardia, or an abnormal electrocardiography at time of screening), endocrinological (including metabolic), oncological, or autoimmune diseases, (iii) history of major psychiatric disorder (other than substance abuse or dependence for the CUD and/or nicotine dependence for both study groups), (iv) except for cocaine in the CUD, positive urine screens for other psychoactive drugs or their metabolites (phencyclidine, benzodiazepines, cannabis, opiates, barbiturates, and inhalants), (v) pregnancy as inspected with a urine test in all females, (vi) contraindications to the MRI study, (vii) history of glaucoma, and (viii) because of the verbal nature of the task, more than 2 SDs below the norm on a verbal intelligence measure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral methylphenidate normalizes cingulate activity in cocaine addiction during a salient cognitive task

Goldstein

Woicik

Maloney

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

106

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Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hypoactivations during cognitive demand are a hallmark deficit in drug addiction. Methylphenidate (MPH) normalizes cortical function, enhancing task salience and improving associated cognitive abilities, in other frontal lobe pathologies; however, in clinical trials, MPH did not improve treatment outcome in cocaine addiction. We hypothesized that oral MPH will attenuate ACC hypoactivations and improve associated performance during a salient cognitive task in individuals with cocaine-use disorders (CUD). In the current functional MRI study, we used a rewarded drug cue-reactivity task previously shown to be associated with hypoactivations in both major ACC subdivisions (implicated in default brain function) in CUD compared with healthy controls. The task was performed by 13 CUD and 14 matched healthy controls on 2 d: after ingesting a single dose of oral MPH (20 mg) or placebo (lactose) in a counterbalanced fashion. Results show that oral MPH increased responses to this salient cognitive task in both major ACC subdivisions (including the caudal-dorsal ACC and rostroventromedial ACC extending to the medial orbitofrontal cortex) in the CUD. These functional MRI results were associated with reduced errors of commission (a common impulsivity measure) and improved task accuracy, especially during the drug (vs. neutral) cue-reactivity condition in all subjects. The clinical application of such MPH-induced brain-behavior enhancements remains to be tested.D rug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder associated with dysregulated dopaminergic neurotransmission as well as functional impairments in the brain regions innervated by dopamine [e.g., the prefrontal cortex (PFC)] (1, 2). Psychostimulants such as cocaine have high abuse and dependence potential because of their ability to increase dopamine in limbic brain regions. Similarly to cocaine, methylphenidate (MPH; e.g., Ritalin) blocks the dopamine transporter increasing extracellular dopamine. However, although speed of uptake of both drugs is similar, rate of clearance of MPH from the brain is substantially slower than that for cocaine (90-vs. 20-min half-life), and these slower pharmacokinetic properties may contribute to the lower abuse potential for MPH (1). Both these neuropharmacological mechanisms, interference with the binding of the drug to its target and different (i.e., slower) pharmacokinetics, proved valuable in the management of heroin (e.g., with methadone and buprenorphine) and nicotine addiction (e.g., with nicotine patch and nicotine gum) (3). In contrast, adapting a similar pharmacological strategy (use of stimulant medications such as MPH) in individuals with cocaine-use disorders (CUD) did not decrease cocaine use or prevent relapse (1).Nevertheless, oral MPH decreases abnormal risk taking in patients with frontotemporal dementia (4) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (5). Furthermore, when on stimulant medication (including MPH), youth with ADHD showed a trend to improved inhibitor...

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“…The VAS questionnaire was administered at baseline, 30 min before the start of the scan and then every 30 min after the start of the scan. The Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment Scale was administered as a measure of early cocaine abstinence symptoms at the baseline of each scan day (Kampman et al, 1998). The total score was used as a measure of subjective withdrawal state.…”

Section: Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Cue-Induced Dopamine Release in Amygdala and Hippocampus: A High-Resolution PET [18F]Fallypride Study in Cocaine Dependent Participants

Fotros

Casey

Larcher

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug-related cues are potent triggers for relapse in people with cocaine dependence. Dopamine (DA) release within a limbic network of striatum, amygdala and hippocampus has been implicated in animal studies, but in humans it has only been possible to measure effects in the striatum. The objective here was to measure drug cue-induced DA release in the amygdala and hippocampus using high-resolution PET with [ 18 F]fallypride. Twelve cocaine-dependent volunteers (mean age: 39.6 ± 8.0 years; years of cocaine use: 15.9 ± 7.4) underwent two [ 18 F]fallypride high-resolution research tomography-PET scans, one with exposure to neutral cues and one with cocaine cues. To our knowledge this study provides the first evidence of drug cue-induced DA release in the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. The preferential induction of DA release among high-craving responders suggests that these aspects of the limbic reward network might contribute to drug-seeking behavior.

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Reliability and validity of the cocaine selective severity assessment

Cited by 235 publications

References 21 publications

Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction

Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction

Oral methylphenidate normalizes cingulate activity in cocaine addiction during a salient cognitive task

Cocaine Cue-Induced Dopamine Release in Amygdala and Hippocampus: A High-Resolution PET [18F]Fallypride Study in Cocaine Dependent Participants

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