Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is an active field of research with an ever increasing number of contributions. Numerous methods have been proposed for the solution of RBDO, a complex problem that combines optimization and reliability analysis. Classical approaches are based on approximation methods and have been classified in review papers. In this paper, we first review classical approaches based on approximation methods such as FORM, and also more recent methods that rely upon surrogate modelling and Monte Carlo simulation.We then propose a general framework for the solution of RBDO problems that includes three independent blocks, namely adaptive surrogate modelling, reliability analysis and optimization.These blocks are non-intrusive with respect to each other and can be plugged independently in the framework. After a discussion on numerical considerations that require attention for the framework to yield robust solutions to various types of problems, the latter is applied to three examples (using two analytical functions and a finite element model). Kriging and support vector machines together with their own active learning schemes are considered in the surrogate model block. In terms of reliability analysis, the proposed framework is illustrated using both crude Monte Carlo and subset simulation. Finally, the covariance-matrix adaptation -evolution scheme (CMA-ES), a global search algorithm, or sequential quadratic programming (SQP), a local gradient-based method, are used in the optimization block. The comparison of the results to benchmark studies show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework. of risk-based or life-cycle cost optimization (Beck and Gomes, 2012;Frangopol and Maute, 2003).Alternative formulations for RBDO have henceforth emerged. One, for instance, consists in maximizing the reliability, or equivalently minimizing the failure probability, under given cost constraints (See for instance Kuschel and Rackwitz (1997); Royset et al. (2001); Taflanidis and Beck (2008)).The approach we consider in this paper, which is also the prevalent in current research, consists in minimizing an initial cost under some probabilistic constraints (Hilton and Feigen, 1960). Let d ∈ R M d be an M d −dimensional vector defining some design parameters of the structure. In the presence of uncertainties, the variability of these parameters can be described by introducing random variables X ∈ X ⊂ R M d ∼ f X|d . These variables are called design parameters with uncertainty, or by slight abuse, random design variables in the sequel. In some cases, design parameters are purely deterministic. To simplify the notation, they are equally considered as X (d) at this stage, where the related random variables would simply have a