Reliability Characteristics and Applicability of a Repeated Sprint Ability Test in Young Male Soccer Players

Castagna, Carlo; Francini, Lorenzo; Krustrup, Peter; Fenarnandes-da-Silva, Juliano; Póvoas, Susana; Bernardini, Andrea; D’Ottavio, S

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002031

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Pre and post intervention, the participants performed a repeated sprint test (RST) comprising 5 × 30-m straight-line sprints separated by 25 s of active recovery (easy jogging back to the start line) (Nybo et al 2013 ). The test has been shown to be reliable (Castagna et al 2017 ) and to possess a high reproducibility (CV < 1%; Bangsbo and Mohr 2012 ). RST performance was determined as mean sprinting time, which has been shown to be reliable (Spencer et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

et al. 2017

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PurposeTo examine the skeletal muscle and performance responses across two different exercise training modalities which are highly applied in soccer training.MethodsUsing an RCT design, 39 well-trained male soccer players were randomized into either a speed endurance training (SET; n = 21) or a small-sided game group (SSG; n = 18). Over 4 weeks, thrice weekly, SET performed 6–10 × 30-s all-out runs with 3-min recovery, while SSG completed 2 × 7–9-min small-sided games with 2-min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis pre and post intervention and were subsequently analysed for metabolic enzyme activity and muscle protein expression. Moreover, the Yo–Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo–Yo IR2) was performed.ResultsMuscle CS maximal activity increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in SET only, demonstrating larger (P < 0.05) improvement than SSG, while HAD activity increased (P < 0.05) by 24% in both groups. Na+–K+ ATPase α1 subunit protein expression increased (P < 0.05) in SET and SSG (19 and 37%, respectively), while MCT4 protein expression rose (P < 0.05) by 30 and 61% in SET and SSG, respectively. SOD2 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 28 and 37% in SET and SSG, respectively, while GLUT-4 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 40% in SSG only. Finally, SET displayed 39% greater improvement (P < 0.05) in Yo–Yo IR2 performance than SSG.ConclusionSpeed endurance training improved muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance more pronouncedly than small-sided game training, but comparable responses were in muscle ion transporters and antioxidative capacity in well-trained male soccer players.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

et al. 2017

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“…The percentage decrement score calculation has also been reported in the literature to be the most valid and reliable calculation to determine fatigue from a repeated-sprint test (70,82,141). Variables used to calculate the performance decrement include the best sprint time, MST, or TST, which have all been shown to be reliable with CVs of <3.0% (37,71,115,139,165,169). Oliver et al (141) concluded that the high reliability of these performance variables to calculate a percentage decrement score may explain why decrement scores have been reported to be more reliable than a fatigue index (which compares best and worst, or first and last sprint efforts).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Athletes involved in team sports such as soccer, rugby, hockey, basketball, and Gaelic football are all required to perform intermittent high-intensity bouts of work (running, jumping, sprinting) combined with low-to-moderate-intensity actions (walking and jogging) and periods of limited activity or stationary rest (10,21,37,53,143). Average sprint efforts in team sports are brief, with players typically sprinting ,20 m or for between 2 and 4 seconds (168).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear and Change of Direction Repeated Sprint Ability Tests: A Systematic Review

Kyles,

Oliver,

Cahill

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Kyles, A, Oliver, JL, Cahill, MJ, Lloyd, RS, and Pedley, J. Linear and change of direction repeated sprint ability tests: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1703–1717, 2023—The ability to repeatedly sprint is important in many sports, but there is no established protocol for measuring repeated sprint ability (RSA). The purpose of this review was to identify overground RSA protocols previously reported in the literature and to recommend standardized protocols. A systematic review of the literature was used to identify studies that have used an RSA test, with data describing protocol design extracted. One hundred eight studies were included in the review, across which 47 unique protocols were identified. Eighteen protocols included at least one change of direction (COD), and this increased mean sprint time compared with linear RSA tests (7.26 ± 1.84 vs. 4.48 ± 1.02 seconds). There was considerable variability across protocols regarding sprint distance (20–40 m), sprint repetitions (3–15), recovery duration (10–60 seconds), recovery type (active vs. passive), and work-to-rest ratio (≤1:1.4–19.2). Separate protocols are needed for linear and COD tests, and these should reflect the brief nature of intense periods of competition and stress the ability to recover. Based on data across studies for protocol design and to ensure a demanding work-to-rest ratio, it is suggested that a linear RSA should comprise 6 × 30 m sprints separated by 15 seconds of active recovery. To provide some parity to linear tests, to keep work duration brief and to maintain a demanding work-to-rest ratio, a COD RSA should comprise 6 × 30 m shuttle sprints (15 + 15 m), providing one change of direction (180° COD), and maintaining a 15-second active recovery.

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“…Previous evaluations of the RAST have examined correlations of peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI) with the WAnT [12]. Various similar test has been designed with little variation in recovery time to measure anaerobic capacity of an individual [13,14]. The Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was developed in 1997 by Draper and Whyte to provide a means of determining anaerobic power, which was both inexpensive and simple to implement and thus accessible to coaches for players of all levels [15].…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The compatibility of running-based anaerobic sprint test and Wingate anaerobic test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nara

Kumar

Rathee

et al. 2022

ppcs

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Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study was to perform a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to determine the validity of running-based sprint test in relation to 30 second Wingate anaerobic test. Material and Methods. A search of the relevant literature was done using the key words, ‘running-based anaerobic sprint test’, ‘RAST’, ‘Validity’ ‘repeated sprint’ and ‘Wingate’. Twelve studies including 368 participants were finalized to systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean ± standard deviation of the number of participants was 30.66 ± 16.17 years. Results. The summary of effects size were calculated to established the validity of running based sprint test (RAST) with 30 seconds Wingate test as a criterion measure. All studies indicate that effect size of Peak Power (PP) shows higher summary effects 0.58 (95%CI – 0.37, 0.79), similar outputs were observed for Mean Power (MP) 0.67 (95%CI – 0.45, 0.90). Therefore, the average outcomes were significantly different from zero. Conclusions. Running-based anaerobic sprint test is a valid alternative method of 30 seconds Wingate test to measure anaerobic power outputs of healthy individual belongs to various sports disciplines. Although, anaerobic capacity or power output is a determinant factor in power dominating sports. Therefore, RAST is compatible to laboratory-based Wingate 30 second anaerobic test (WAnT) in field-based settings.

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Reliability Characteristics and Applicability of a Repeated Sprint Ability Test in Young Male Soccer Players

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

Linear and Change of Direction Repeated Sprint Ability Tests: A Systematic Review

The compatibility of running-based anaerobic sprint test and Wingate anaerobic test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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