Reliability evaluation of DC power optimizers for photovoltaic systems: Accelerated testing at high temperatures with fixed and cyclic power stresses

Afridi, Muhammad; Tatapudi, Sai; Flicker, Jack; Srinivasan, Devarajan; TamizhMani, GovindaSamy

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107484

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This exponential distribution can be approximated using either Weibull or log-normal probability density functions. In this context, the Weibull distribution is employed, as detailed in [27].…”

Section: Solar Cell and Solar Radiation Uncertainty Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Bagherzadeh,

Kamwa

2023

Energies

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Renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) have been introduced as efficient technologies to address environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources. However, the widespread integration of distributed renewable sources into the power grid and the growing adoption of EVs pose new challenges for distribution network operators. These challenges necessitate careful management to mitigate their impacts, particularly in meeting the additional demand arising from EV charging. To achieve these targets, it is necessary to strategically integrate RESs and EVs. This study focuses on the optimal allocation and energy management of distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs), taking into account the inherent uncertainty in the output power of these resources. Notably, parking lots (PLs) utilize vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology of EVs and aggregate and inject their power into the distribution system. Therefore, EVs as a motion type of energy storage system play a significant role, especially in the on-peak hours. The optimization problem is addressed using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) while adhering to operational constraints related to the power system, as well as both DERs and EVPLs. The main goal is to simultaneously enhance the technical, economic, and environmental performance of the system, by solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system, with the study considering five different scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the planned deployment of DERs, given their proximity to the load centers, has effectively mitigated the overload impacts resulting from EVs’ charging. Furthermore, the implementation of a demand response program (DRP), cooperatively with the aforementioned resources, has significantly improved all key operating indicators of the system.

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Section: Solar Cell and Solar Radiation Uncertainty Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Bagherzadeh,

Kamwa

2023

Energies

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“…Consequently, these capacitor anomalies could jeopardize inverter functionality, either slashing power output or damaging adjacent components via voltage surges. Power semiconductors, such as MOSFETs and diodes, under sustained thermal and electrical pressures, may undergo gate oxide deterioration or junction attrition [24,35]. Such semiconductor degradation could escalate conduction losses, subsequently reducing efficiency and inducing added heat, hastening their degradation.…”

Section: High Static Temperature Testing For the Microinvertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, ref. [24] performed a comprehensive time-to-failure study focusing on the reliability of MLPE devices, where a significant number of units was subjected to extensive stress testing for 6400 h at elevated static temperatures. The data showed a modest degradation percentage, with no unit exhibiting failures beyond a 5% threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of Microinverters for Photovoltaic Systems: High-Temperature Accelerated Testing with Fixed and Cyclic Power Stresses

Afridi,

Tatapudi,

Flicker

et al. 2023

Energies

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This paper presents an extended, accelerated reliability evaluation of forty microinverters, module-level power electronic (MLPE) units for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The forty microinverters were stressed at two static temperatures (65 °C and 75 °C) with two input power profiles (fixed and cyclic power). These power profiles were employed to replicate field-use conditions closely. The accelerated testing was performed for an extended duration (over a period of 15,000 h) to determine the acceleration factor and estimate the service life of microinverters in field-use conditions. Electrical performance and thermal data were continuously monitored during the experiment for all the microinverters. The accelerated stress testing had no failures even after 15,000 h of operation. Using the Arrhenius life-stress model along with average field-measured temperature and military handbook-based analysis, it was estimated that the microinverters should be able to survive for 24–48 years during their service life in field conditions, with a reliability of 74%, having a lower one-sided confidence bound of 95%, obtained using the classical success run approach. Moreover, the lifetime of microinverters was statistically analyzed using a Weibull distribution model. Weibull slope factors were used to estimate a range of characteristic lifetime periods and the reliability of the microinverters with a 95% lower one-sided confidence limit, demonstrating a similar or even exceeding the lifetime of the associated PV modules of 25 years.

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“…Using diagnostic techniques like thermal imaging and electroluminescence imaging, Wang and Xuan [24] thoroughly investigates hotspot formation in PV modules and offers detailed insights into hotspot behavior and its impact on PV performance and longevity. Results reveal hotspots are not uniform and are influenced by each cell's local conditions, whereas [25] proposes using microinverters and power optimizers [26] to control electric current and prevent hotspots in PV systems. Their approach exhibits potential for enhancing system performance and longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules

et al. 2023

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Hotspots pose a significant long-term reliability challenge in photovoltaic (PV) modules that can have a detrimental impact on the efficiency, safety, and financial viability of a PV system. This paper aims to evaluate the endurance of hotspot stress in pristine and prestressed glass–glass (GG) modules. The accelerated prestressing was conducted for 600 thermal cycles (TC600) to represent decades of field exposure. GG modules are quickly becoming an alternative to the traditional glass–backsheet (GB) modules that have been the industry standard. Unlike other conventional studies that subject only pristine modules to hotspot stress, this paper evaluates the performance of an accelerated/simulated field-aged GG module (using TC600) and a pristine GG module. Pre- and post-characterizations were performed before and after each test to determine changes in electrical performance and observe any defects in GG modules. During the hotspot test, an approximately 200 °C maximum cell temperature was observed with a cell shading of 25% (the worst-case shading ratio). After the hotspot test, electroluminescence imaging indicated that most cells in the prestressed GG module exhibited severe damage whereas no significant defects were evident in the pristine GG module where the prestressed GG module degraded 8.2% and the pristine GG module degraded 1.5% in maximum power. These findings are critical for the industry, considering that GG bifacial modules will dominate the market.

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Reliability evaluation of DC power optimizers for photovoltaic systems: Accelerated testing at high temperatures with fixed and cyclic power stresses

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Reliability of Microinverters for Photovoltaic Systems: High-Temperature Accelerated Testing with Fixed and Cyclic Power Stresses

Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules

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