Reliability in Dream Research: A Methodological Note

Schredl, Michael; Funkhouser, A.; Cornu, Claude; Hirsbrunner, Hans-Peter; Bahro, Marcel

doi:10.1006/ccog.2001.0522

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although it has been shown that measures of dissociation and schizotypy are stable over two months (Raine, 1991; Watson, 2003a), the trait-like nature of unusual sleep experiences is much more uncertain (Van Dongen, Vitellaro, & Dinges, 2005). There is some evidence that self-reported dream frequency shows evidence of stability over 22 weeks (Schredl, Funkhouser, Cornu, Hirsbrunner, & Bahro, 2001), but more research is needed (see also Watson, 2003b). The third area for future research is integrating personality measures and biological variables, which will increase our understanding of this sixth personality dimension.…”

Section: Models For the Overlap Of Unusual Sleep Experiences Dissocimentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Koffel

Watson

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

104

140

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This paper reviews studies that have examined associations between unusual sleep experiences (including nightmares, vivid dreaming, narcolepsy symptoms, and complex nighttime behaviors) and dissociation and schizotypy. Using correlational studies and structural analyses, evidence is provided that unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy belong to a common domain. It is demonstrated that unusual sleep experiences show specificity to dissociation and schizotypy compared to other daytime symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use) and other sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, lassitude/fatigue). The paper also outlines the methodological limitations of the existing evidence and makes suggestions for future research. Finally, three models for the overlap of daytime and nighttime symptoms are reviewed, including biological abnormalities, trauma, and personality traits. Although further research is needed, it is suggested that daytime and nighttime symptoms result from problems with sleep-wake state boundaries, which may be precipitated by stress or trauma. In addition, association between daytime and nighttime symptoms can be attributed to the higher order personality trait of Oddity. Keywords dissociation; schizotypy; sleepPeople have long noted the phenotypic similarities between select nighttime experiences and daytime psychological symptoms, such nightmares and hallucinations. It is possible that phenotypically similar daytime and nighttime experiences are related, although this remains an empirical question. Specifically, it has been suggested that dissociation, schizotypy, and certain sleep experiences (i.e., nightmares, narcolepsy symptoms) belong to a domain that involves unusual cognitions and perceptions (Watson, 2001). Moreover, these daytime and nighttime experiences may share common processes under different contexts (e.g., walking around during the day versus lying in bed) (Butler, 2006;Watson, 2001), although the exact nature of these processes and whether they are due to biological or environmental factors is still uncertain.The purpose of this paper is to review evidence that certain sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy represent a common domain with shared etiology. We begin by defining dissociation and schizotypy and outline the disorders and symptom dimensions that will be Correspondence should be sent to Erin Koffel,

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Section: Models For the Overlap Of Unusual Sleep Experiences Dissocimentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Koffel

Watson

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

104

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this respect, it may be of relevance that surveys of healthy individuals have shown only dream-recall frequency but not dream content to be a relatively stable individual characteristic. [163][164][165] While much emphasis has been placed on genetic aspects of the various parasomnias per se, virtually no attention has been paid to individual differences in the manifestation of symptoms. As in narcolepsy, investigating the origin of individual variability in symptom expression could serve to better characterize the underlying pathology and, ultimately, help to identify the genetic mediators.…”

Section: Parasomniasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Adult Human Sleep and Wakefulness: Leitmotif for a Research Agenda

Dongen

Vitellaro

Dinges

2005

Sleep

306

225

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This paper reviews the literature on interindividual variability in human sleep parameters, sleepiness, responses to sleep deprivation, and manifestations of sleep disorders. Variability among individuals in sleep/wake biology and behavior is pervasive. The magnitude of such individual differences is often considerable and comparable to the effect sizes of many experimental and clinical interventions. Evidence is accumulating that certain aspects of sleep/wake-related variability-such as sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss-involve trait characteristics in healthy populations and among sleep-disordered patients. Establishing the trait-specific nature of variability in sleep/wake parameters is a prerequisite for elucidating the corresponding neurophysiologic and/or genetic mechanisms. At present, it remains largely unknown what underlies or predicts sleep/wake-related traits, what relationships these traits may have to each other, and what functional significance may be associated with specific traits. Scientific studies addressing these issues are warranted, as understanding the basis of trait variability may yield new insights into sleep/wake regulation and sleep pathology. Understanding individual differences in sleep and wakefulness may also have provocative but important implications for health economics and clinical care, as well as for safety, productivity, and general well-being. This paper gives suggestions for a research agenda focusing on individual differences in sleep research and sleep medicine.

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“…Dream research generally relies on three different methods of self-report: retrospective questionnaires, dream diaries, and reports during laboratory awakenings. The three methods all have specific advantages and disadvantages, which are controversially discussed (Aspy, Delfabbro, & Proeve, 2015; Schredl, Funkhouser, Cornu, Hirsbrunner, & Bahro, 2001).…”

Section: The Assessment Of Subjective Dream Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Individual Differences in the Affective Experience of Dreams: The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect Scales (JeDI-A)

et al. 2019

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The study reports on the validation of a new instrument for the assessment of emotional experiences in dreams. The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect (JeDI-A) contains 21 items and 3 scales, positive dream affect, negative dream affect, and dream intensity, providing a differentiated yet economic assessment of dream affect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a sample of university students ( N = 426) and a clinical sample of patients with sleep disorders ( N = 149) supported factorial validity and measurement invariance, high temporal stability (over 1 year and 9 months in the students and patients, respectively), convergent and discriminant validity regarding established measures of dream affect and the Big Five, and criterion validity regarding subjective well-being. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal longitudinal effects between dream affect and waking affect. We conclude that the JeDI-A is a valid instrument for differentiated investigations of individual differences in dream affect in clinical and nonclinical populations.

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Reliability in Dream Research: A Methodological Note

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Individual Differences in Adult Human Sleep and Wakefulness: Leitmotif for a Research Agenda

Assessing Individual Differences in the Affective Experience of Dreams: The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect Scales (JeDI-A)

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