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The article studies mountain basin relief’s influence on the heat and wind regime organization when developing it for sustainable urban planning purposes. Each time a unique relief is identified, it requires an individual design approach taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Depending on the slope, there may be different options for using the site. The article presents the features of the geometry of the mountain-basin space associated with the relative depth of the mountain basin. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development, is analyzed. The city’s mountain-basin terrain requires an individual design approach, taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Based on the generalization and analysis of studies of air flows’ structure, their direction, velocity, and temperature fields, as well as the characteristics of the microclimate in the development of the mountain-basin space, an aerodynamic picture of air movement arising under the influence of natural thermal forces was obtained. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space has been established, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development. The proposed methodology for calculating the heat and wind conditions of development is the basis for preliminary forecasting, assessment, and regulation of heat and wind parameters, as well as optimization of the sustainable development planning of mountain-basin relief.
The article studies mountain basin relief’s influence on the heat and wind regime organization when developing it for sustainable urban planning purposes. Each time a unique relief is identified, it requires an individual design approach taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Depending on the slope, there may be different options for using the site. The article presents the features of the geometry of the mountain-basin space associated with the relative depth of the mountain basin. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development, is analyzed. The city’s mountain-basin terrain requires an individual design approach, taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Based on the generalization and analysis of studies of air flows’ structure, their direction, velocity, and temperature fields, as well as the characteristics of the microclimate in the development of the mountain-basin space, an aerodynamic picture of air movement arising under the influence of natural thermal forces was obtained. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space has been established, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development. The proposed methodology for calculating the heat and wind conditions of development is the basis for preliminary forecasting, assessment, and regulation of heat and wind parameters, as well as optimization of the sustainable development planning of mountain-basin relief.
Introduction. The author solves a number of problems, including the substantiation of the required reliability level for steel-concrete beams in a reconstructed building, design parameters applicable to steel-concrete beams, use of probabilistic methods in the reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams, and reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams. Materials and methods. The engineering data, used in the reliability analysis, included steel beam examination and testing results, obtained by the Koucherenko Central Research and Development Institute of Steel Structures in 2017. The analysis was performed for the cases that took account of or failed to take account of the behaviour of a cast-in-plaсe reinforced concrete floor slab. A method of statistic simulation has proven that the probability values of snow loads set for Moscow by Construction regulations 20.13330.2016 are far below the true ones. This discrepancy reduces the reliability of the contour beams of the construction facility analyzed in this article. Results. B-12, B-45, B-49 and B-61 types of beams were used to compare the testing results with probabilistic calculations. Selected calculation results are provided in the article. An 8 mm deflection, caused by the temporary design load of 2.4 kN/m2 ensures the normal operation of a structure with a probability of 0.9973. Conclusions. A comparison between experimentally and analytically obtained deflection values has proven that the design model must have steel-concrete beams, rather than steel ones. Whenever a building structure is designed, its reliability level must be identified. The reliability of structures, having any criticality rating, depends on the values of the resistance probability in terms of their construction materials and the loads applied to them. Contour steel-concrete beams comply with the technology requirements and reliability values pre-set in the project documentation. Calculation results are validated by their convergence with the experimental data. Probabilistic methods should become a must in structural design. This measure can reduce the risk of failure or cut project costs.
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