Reliability of commercially available hydrogen sensors for detection of hydrogen at critical concentrations: Part I – Testing facility and methodologies

Boon-Brett, L.; Bousek, J.; Castello, Paolo; Salyk, Ota; Harskamp, Frederik; Aldea, L.; Fluixá, Francisco V. Tinaut

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.004

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The ratio of hydrogen detected is generally 10% of LFL (0.4 vol.%) or 25% of LFL (1.0 vol.%). Several studies analyse the reliability of these sensors [26]. The probability of failure of sensors includes the probability that they are not placed at the location of the leak.…”

Section: Safety Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault tree analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system safety

Collong

Kouta

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Safety Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault tree analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system safety

Collong

Kouta

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] This feature helps find any difference of time dependences of electrical response and optical transmittance response, because the former is more sensitive to surface reaction and the latter is more dependent on the bulk reaction throughout the light path. The time dependences of optical reflectance due to the reflected light from the gas-film interface or that from the film-substrate interface may have some difference if diffusion of detected gas molecules/atoms needs some time to diffuse inside the material.…”

Section: A Flexibility and Versatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][17][18][19][20][21][22] In continuous flow method, admixture containing the detected gas is kept to flow throughout a test. If a net H 2 flow of 0.016 sccm is applied as in the previous example, a flow of 16 000 sccm of balancing gas is required to dilute H 2 to 1 ppm.…”

Section: B Control Of Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile computer-controlled system for characterization of gas sensing materials

Zhao

Huang

Wong

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Enhanced H2 sensitivity at room temperature of ZnO nanowires functionalized by Pd nanoparticles J. Appl. Phys. 110, 084312 (2011) Expanded beam deflection method for simultaneous measurement of displacement and vibrations of multiple microcantilevers Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 105112 (2011) High quality factor graphene varactors for wireless sensing applications Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 163105 (2011) The extended surface forces apparatus. IV. Precision static pressure control Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 103902 (2011) Effect of temperature on CO detection sensitivity of ZnO nanorod-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 142107 (2011) Additional information on Rev. Sci. Instrum. Design of a system used for characterizing gas sensing materials is described. It is distinctive of being able to measure electrical and optical responses of a sample simultaneously, control a number of measurement parameters, perform fast exchange of gaseous environment, and be fully controlled automatically. These features make the system to be versatile in determining most concerned performance indexes of a gas sensing material (e.g., sensitivity, stability, selectivity, response/recovery times, etc.) as functions of various combinations of measurement conditions (e.g., gas concentrations, temperature, total pressure, content of interferants, photo assist, relative humidity, soaking time in a fixed gas concentration, and number of switching cycles in a dynamic test, etc.). Rationales of the designs associated with general gas sensing mechanics are discussed.

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“…This is a significant contribution to the safe use of hydrogen. To facilitate the reliable and proper use of hydrogen sensors sensor testing facilities were independently established by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre -Institute for Energy and Transport (IET) [1] and by the US Department of Energy (DOE) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity and resistance to poisons of commercial hydrogen sensors

Palmisano

Weidner

Boon-Brett

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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PoisonsInhibitors Interferents a b s t r a c tThe resistance of several models of catalytic, workfunction-based metal-oxide-semiconductor and electrochemical hydrogen sensors to chemical contaminants such as SO 2, H 2 S, NO 2 and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) has been investigated. These sensor platforms are among the most commonly used for the detection of hydrogen. The evaluation protocols were based on the methods recommended in the ISO 26142:2010 standard. Permanent alteration of the sensor response to the target analyte (H 2 ) following exposure to potential poisons at the concentrations specified in ISO 26142 was rarely observed.Although a shift in the baseline response was often observed during exposure to the potential poisons, only in a few cases did this shift persist after removal of the contaminants.Overall, the resistance of the sensors to poisoning was good. However, a change in sensitivity to hydrogen was observed in the electrochemical platform after exposure to NO 2 and for a catalytic sensor during exposure to SO 2 . The siloxane resistance test prescribed in ISO 26142, based on exposure to 10 ppm HMDS, may possibly not properly reflect sensor robustness to siloxanes. Further evaluation of the resistance of sensors to other Si-based contaminants and other exposure profiles (e.g., concentration, exposure times) is needed.

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Reliability of commercially available hydrogen sensors for detection of hydrogen at critical concentrations: Part I – Testing facility and methodologies

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Fault tree analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system safety

Fault tree analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system safety

Versatile computer-controlled system for characterization of gas sensing materials

Selectivity and resistance to poisons of commercial hydrogen sensors

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