Reliability of fine‐needle aspiration and ultrasound‐based characteristics of thyroid nodules for diagnosing malignancy in Iranian patients

Akhavan, Asghar; Jafari, Seyyed Mehrdad; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khajehpour, Hojjatollah; Karimi‐Sari, Hamidreza

doi:10.1002/dc.23430

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Size plays a notable role in determining the need of ine needle aspiration (FNA) for a thyroid nodule; however, ultrasound features can provide valuable clues regarding malignancy of nodules [108]. These are hypoechogenicity, a solid internal structure, irregular margins, microcalciications, taller-than-wide shape, and evidence of extrathyroidal extension or cervical lymphadenopathy for papillary thyroid cancers.…”

Section: Assessment and Treatment Of Thyroid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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Section: Assessment and Treatment Of Thyroid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

Self Cite

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“…In addition, the authors reported that some patients underwent central lymph node dissection (CLND) and others did not when the tumor was lesser than 5mm or cytology results were not determined; provided that cytology does not have a100% sensitivity and specificity. The results should be confirmed by pathology as the gold standard and be matched with ultrasound characteristics of nodules to see whether malignancy is present or not (2). So some cases may not be PTC patients which have impacts on the recurrence and survival rates in the present study.…”

Section: Can We Really Consider Tumor Size and Surgical Extent As Pre...mentioning

confidence: 81%

Can we really consider tumor size and surgical extent as predictive factors for recurrence in clinically early-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma patients?

Khosravi

2016

The American Journal of Surgery

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“…[18,19] Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has acceptable specificity and sensitivity for thyroid cancers. [17] With the usage of thyroid FNAB, the diagnosis of thyroid cancer has increased twice in the last five decades. Cibas and Ali [20] reported that the routine usage of thyroid FNAB leads to an increased rate of detection of cancer in thyroid nodules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] Significant information was obtained in studies investigating the compliance of sonographic findings with thyroid FNAB. Akhawan et al [17] compared the correlation between thyroid sonography findings and FNAB results and reported that the nodule surface area was the most correlated sonographic finding with malignancy. Irregular nodule boundaries calcification and hypervascularity were the most prominent findings in malignancy in USG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16] However, thyroid FNAB may not always rule out malignancy and may lead to unnecessary surgical interventions. [17] Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the preoperative sonographic findings, FNAB and postoperative histopathological results in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. A total malignancy score was calculated by adding the ages of all patients.…”

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An analysis of preoperative sonographic findings and fine-needle aspiration biopsy results of thyroidectomy cases

Güneş¹

2019

Tr-ENT

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Objectives: This study aims to compare the preoperative sonographic findings, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and postoperative histopathological results in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods: A total of 884 patients (199 males, 685 females; mean age 46.8±12.7 years; range, 16 to 82 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy were included. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in all patients with an initial diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Sonographic findings of thyroid nodules were evaluated. The sonographic characteristics were the number of nodules and sizes, having microcalcifications, having irregular margins and echogenicity. Sonographic malignancy scores were calculated due to sonographic findings. All thyroidectomy specimens were sent for pathological evaluation. The specimens were divided into two groups as benign and malignant groups, due to pathological evaluation. Groups were compared in terms of preoperative sonographic findings, FNAB and postoperative histopathological results. Results: The sonographic malignancy scores were statistically higher in malignant group than in benign group (p=0.001). Nodule size was smaller in malignant group than in benign group (p=0.001). Capsule irregularity rate was statistically higher in malignant group than in benign group (p=0.001). Hypoechogenicity rate was statistically higher in malignant group than in benign group (p=0.001). There was a statistically significant consistency between pathology and FNAB results (kappa=0.478, p=0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of FNAB were 55.7%, 92.4%, 72.5% and 82.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the thyroid FNAB has acceptable sensitivity and specificity, it is not effective alone in establishing a decision of operation. Risk factors of thyroid malignancy should also be considered when assessing FNAB results.

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Reliability of fine‐needle aspiration and ultrasound‐based characteristics of thyroid nodules for diagnosing malignancy in Iranian patients

Abstract: Among sonography findings, width and area of nodule, calcification, and nodule border have significant effect on malignancy diagnosis. Also FNA is necessary in nodules with calcification, border irregularity, and less width and area, especially in younger patients.

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Can we really consider tumor size and surgical extent as predictive factors for recurrence in clinically early-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma patients?

An analysis of preoperative sonographic findings and fine-needle aspiration biopsy results of thyroidectomy cases

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