Reliability of liquid organic hydrogen carrier‐based energy storage in a mobility application

Abstract

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are a technology that allows storing hydrogen in a safe and dense manner by reversible chemical conversion. They constitute a very promising option for energy storage, transport, and release combined with electric power generation by fuel cells in large‐scale applications like trains. In order to establish trains running on LOHC, it is mandatory to ensure the reliability of the system. This study evaluates various system configurations concerning reliability and resilience. The fault tree analysis method has been used to quantify the probability of failure. The S‐P matrix was applied to assess the different failure modes in context of severity as well as their probability. The MTTF of the system can be more than doubled by introducing single redundancy for the fuel cell and the reactor, while more than two redundant components diminish the positive effect on reliability due to higher complexity. It is estimated that the systems full functionality is available for more than 97% of its operating time.

Reliability of Thermal Energy Storage Technologies

“…1 for the system components in the exemplary scenario of a sensible storage in a residential building). This is consistent with findings for other energy storage technologies for which pumps play a similar role in the overall failure rate 23. A failing pump causes loss of functionality because water cannot be recirculated anymore.…”

“…This is consistent with findings for other energy storage technologies for which pumps play a similar role in the overall failure rate. [23] A failing pump causes loss of functionality because water cannot be recirculated anymore. Hence, the heat cannot be charged to the storage or recovered from it, depending on which pump is failing.…”

Recent Advances in Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation for Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) Systems

“…Several reviews of LOHC systems, especially for comprehensive concepts/research [7,[14][15][16][17], formic acid-based LOHCs [18], nitrogen-containing LOHCs [13], and storage/transportation [19][20][21][22][23], have been published in the last 10 years. In this review, we aim to focus on advances that occurred in recent decades in representative hydrogenation and dehydrogenation using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for application in a variety of potential LOHC systems (Figure 1, top).…”

Effect of the Reliability on the Success of Hydrogen Technologies

“…Moradi and Groth [4] studied reliability and safety issues related to hydrogen storage and delivery. The group of the author has investigated failure modes and reliability of hydrogen storage using liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) [5,6]. Other groups have evaluated reliability of renewable energy systems involving hydrogen [7,8].…”