Reliability of optical fibers in a cryogenic environment

Lindholm, Eric A.; Stolov, Andrei A.; Dyer, Robert S.; Slyman, Brian E.; Burgess, David

doi:10.1117/12.817752

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In such configurations, the OPC and the input fiber can be directly immersed in liquid nitrogen or liquid argon. From our testing of different fiber types in immersed liquid nitrogen, we found that bare optical fibers with only a thin polyimide protective coating (no jacket) are preferred to minimize transmission losses in the fiber under cryogenic conditions [17]. It should be noted that bare polyimide-coated optical fibers are readily commercially available and have good mechanically integrity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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Recent developments in long wavelength and cryogenic laser power converters have unlocked record performances in both areas. Here, devices for an optical input at ~1470 nm are studied for cryogenic applications, combining these cryogenic and long-wavelength attributes. Multijunction laser power converters are demonstrated to have a high-efficiency operation at 77 K. The photovoltaic-power-converting III-V semiconductor devices are designed with InGaAs-absorbing layers, here with 10 thin subcells (PT10), connected by transparent tunnel junctions. Unprecedented conversion efficiencies of up to 67.5% are measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures with an output power of Pmpp = 1.35 W at an average optical input intensity of ~62 W/cm2. A remarkably low bandgap voltage offset value of Woc~50 mV is obtained at an average optical input intensity of ~31 W/cm2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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“…The compression effects were expected to be caused by the jacket (the furcation tubing). Differences in the expansion coefficients of the dissimilar materials were expected to create micro-bends and additional light escape paths in the fiber [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For other applications, cryogenic temperature capabilities with minimal parasitic light leakage can be the main objectives, while still maintaining full galvanic isolation. This is the case for liquid argon or liquid xenon high-voltage time-projection chambers for fundamental neutrino detection and dark matter studies, or for cosmic muon research [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. For applications requiring kilometers of optical power transmission, it is advantageous to develop PoF systems based on economically viable solutions, for example, using standard single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode (MM) fiber cables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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We demonstrate the use of laser diodes and multijunction photovoltaic power converters to efficiently deliver watts of electrical power for long-distance or cryogenic applications. Transmission through single-mode and multi-mode fibers at the wavelengths of 808 nm and 1470/1550 nm are studied. An electrical output power of ~0.1 W is obtained after a 5 km transmission through a standard single-mode SMF28 fiber fed with 0.25 W of optical power. An electrical output power of ~1 W is demonstrated after a 5 km transmission with a standard OM1 multi-mode fiber fed with ~2.5 W. Photovoltaic conversion efficiencies reaching Eff ~49% are obtained with an output voltage of ~5 V using commercial multijunction laser power converters. For low-temperature applications, an ultra-sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is used to detect the residual light leaked from fibers as the temperature is decreased. Our study demonstrates that specific fiber types enable low-loss transmission compatible with cryogenic requirements and without light leakage triggering of the SiPM. A cryogenic power-over-fiber system at ~1470 nm is demonstrated with ~2 W of electrical power converted over a 10 m distance having a conversion efficiency of Eff > 65% at 77 K.

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“…As anticipated, fibers coated by polypropylene provide substantially worse strain transfer response at around 88%; in general, traditionally-coated optical fibers do not provide satisfactory performance for strain measurement applications. However, polyimide coatings are mature and have been demonstrated both at very low temperatures and in high-strain bonding applications 17,18 , and the aforementioned processes for the bulk coating of bare silica fibers with metalized buffer layers substantially improve the mechanical properties of the fiber, especially with respect to tensile strength. While there are no existing commercial offerings of Bragg gratingetched fibers having a metalized buffer, the requisite manufacturing technology exists and could be readily deployed.…”

Section: B Mechanical Stability and Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Optical Sensor Technology: Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft Applications

Orr

Trevino

Dalton

2014

AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference

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The advent of compact, high-performance optical sensors of strain and temperature based on frequencydomain interrogation of special optical fibers yields many unique opportunities for sensing in environments that are challenging for traditional sensor technologies. An intriguing application is the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to collect critical structural, thermal, and even acoustic data throughout the launch vehicle and spacecraft engineering lifecycle, including during flight.Fiber Bragg Grating sensors are formed from special optical perturbations of a communications-grade optical fiber, and act as high sensitivity, low mass, electrically passive, and electrically immune detectors of structural strain, temperature, and other quantities; the serial architecture and embeddable sensor element with very small cross section make FBGs an attractive solution for minimally invasive instrumentation of both ground test and flight test experiments, especially where traditional (piezoelectric, foil-resistive) sensors are impractical due to harsh environmental conditions.In this paper, several elements of the state of the art of FBG sensors are detailed with a focus on the necessary technology development steps required to employ FBGs as a critical, enabling technology for collection of mission-critical structural dynamics, thermal, and subsystem health data in harsh flight environments. Current capabilities and limitations are detailed in the context of this unique application where existing commercial and research-grade sensor systems have not yet been extensively deployed.

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Reliability of optical fibers in a cryogenic environment

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures

Advanced Optical Sensor Technology: Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft Applications

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