The deployment of optical fibre based sensor systems for process monitoring of advanced fibre reinforced organic matrix composites is reviewed. The focus is on thermosetting resins and the various optical and spectroscopy-based techniques that can be used to monitor the processing of these materials. Following brief consideration of the manufacturing methods commonly used in the production of thermoset based composites, a discussion is presented on sensor systems that can be used to facilitate real-time chemical process monitoring. Although the focus is on thermosets, the techniques described can be adapted for chemical monitoring of organic species in general.
Glossary of terms usedAFRC advanced fibre reinforced composites ATIR attenuated total internal reflectance ATR attenuated total reflectance CCD charged coupled device CRL charge recombination luminescence DDM diaminophenylmethane DDS diaminophenylsulphone DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A DICY dicyandiamide DMA dynamic mechanical analysis DMTA dynamic mechanical thermal analysis DRS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy DSC differential scanning calorimetry DTA differential thermal analysis EFPI extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric FBG fibre Bragg grating FTIR Fourier transform infrared HMGF heavy metal glass fibre IR infrared LED light emitting diode MCVD modified chemical vapour deposition MEA monoethylamine NA numerical aperture NIR near infrared NMR nuclear magnetic resonance OD outer diameter PCS plastic-clad silica PEEK polyether ether ketone PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene SLD super-luminescent diode SMA standard sub-miniature adaptor TGA thermogravimetric analysis TGDDM tetraglycidyl-4,49-diaminophenyl methane (also TGMDA) TMA thermomechanical analysis UV ultraviolet VNA vector network analyser