Reliability of primary zootechnical records in dairy farming

The article’s author determined the development trends of dairy breeds of cattle in the Vologda region based on the quantitative and qualitative traits dynamics from 2015 to 2021. According to the research results, from 2016 to 2020, the number of assessed livestock in the region stabilised, totalling 166 thousand animal units, including 76-77 thousand cows. In 2021, there is a decrease in the total number of livestock by 3.0 thousand animal units (up to 163 thousand heads), including cows - by 1.0 thousand animal units (up to 75 thousand heads). At breeding livestock farms for the analysed period, the number of animals increased by 8.27 thousand animal units. It amounted to 43.01 thousand animal units, including cows - by 3.56 thousand animal units (up to 20.49 thousand heads). In the Vologda region, the primary livestock of dairy breeds of cattle is made up of animals of the black-and-white breed - 68.46 thousand animal units, the rest of the species - from 4.47 (Holstein) to 10.62 thousand animal units (Kholmogory). The authors established for the analysed period an increase in the milk yield of cows for the Holstein breed by 1515 kg of milk (up to 9804 kg), for the Kholmogory breed - by 2147 kg (up to 7548 kg). An increase in milk yield until 2020 was revealed for the rest of the species. But in 2021, there was a decrease of 91 kg of milk for the Black-and-White breed (up to 8788 kg), 126 kg for the Yaroslavl breed (up to 6609 kg) and 222 kilograms for the Ayrshire breed. In the Vologda region, two species have high levels of milk fat: Yaroslavl - from 4.06 to 4.31% and Ayrshire - from 4.19 to 4.27%. For the Black-and-White breed, the indicators of the mass fraction of fat in the milk of cows are also at a high level - from 3.83 to 3.90%. The Black-and-White breed has the highest indicator of the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows - from 3.21 to 3.30%, Yaroslavl - from 3.19 to 3.36 and Ayrshire - from 3.14 to 3.28%. Consequently, each breed population is characterised by its unique development of selectable traits in the region.

unclassified

Dairy cattle development prospects in the Vologda region

Abramova

Zenkova

Selimyan

2023

Scientific and theoretical substantiation of the system of improving selection and breeding work in dairy cattle breeding in the Novosibirsk region

Богданова

Камалдинов

Kulikova

et al. 2023

In the article, the authors presented the main achievements and problems of developing dairy cattle breeding associated with selection and breeding work in the Novosibirsk region. It is necessary to solve the following tasks step by step for the purpose of the sustainable, progressive development of the industry and improvement of selection and breeding work with dairy cattle in the region: the creation of a regional/regional council for breeding work; organization of the Novosibirsk tribal union of dairy industry enterprises; formation of an assistant service based on the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (NSAU) in cooperation with the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian academy of sciences and JSC Novosibirskagroplem (RSIC – Regional Selection and Information Center); formation of a unified global database of breeding resources of the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the central regions of the Russian Federation, member countries of the EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) using foreign data sources; development and implementation of an information and analytical system that allows you to automate selection and breeding work at the level of the economy, region, country/countries; automating the process of phenotyping of dairy cattle and improving the quality of the work of assessors (classifiers) of the exterior. The implementation of the tasks outlined will contribute to the consolidation of approaches at the regional level. It will lead to an increase in the quality of primary zootechnical accounting, which, in turn, will allow the assessment of the genetic potential of dairy cattle productivity, taking into account regional specifics, with high accuracy. It is expected that the result of such activities will be the development of appropriate domestic software tools for gaining technological sovereignty and ensuring the food security of the region and the country.

Genetic structure of cattle of the siberian branch by microsatellite loci

Petrov,

Kamaldinov

2024

Molecular-genetic methods are essential tools for the utilization and conservation of animal genetic resources. These methods facilitate more efficient management and control of breeding programs within livestock production systems. For studying the genetic diversity of a population, the use of STR markers is relevant due to the high variability of repeats. This study presents a genetic characterization of a Holstein and Black Pied cattle population (n = 10233) in Western Siberia using 12 microsatellite loci (BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, TGLA227, TGLA53). A total of 145 alleles were identified across all loci, with frequencies ranging from 0.00005 to 0.68961. The highest level of genetic diversity was observed at the TGLA122 locus (25 alleles) with an average number of effective alleles (Ne) of 4.5. The least polymorphic locus was BM1824 (7 alleles) with an average Ne of 3.27. The average observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity across all loci was 0.6. The highest variability was observed at the TGLA53 locus, with a Wright’s fixation index (Fis) of 0.161, indicating a heterozygote deficiency. A similar deficiency was observed at the BM1818 locus. All other loci exhibited a positive Fis, with the highest value observed at the ETH3 locus (-0.074), indicating an excess of heterozygotes. The average Fis across all loci was -0.02, suggesting a sufficient level of heterozygosity within the studied population. These findings provide valuable information for population studies and practical breeding programs aiming to manage genetic diversity and improve selection efficiency in this cattle population.