Objective-To estimate the prevalence and stability of social, emotional, and academic competence in a nationally representative sample of children involved with child protective services.Method-Children were assessed as part of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent WellBeing. Children (N = 2,065) ranged in age from 8 to 16 years and were assessed at baseline and at 18 and 36 months postbaseline. Caregivers, teachers, and youths provided information about children's problem behaviors, school achievement, and social competence. Children were considered resilient in a domain if they met or exceeded national norms.Results-Thirty-seven percent to 49% of children demonstrated resilience in mental health, academic, or social domains at any time point. Eleven percent to 14% of children were resilient across domains at any time point, and only 14% to 22% of children were consistently resilient within a given domain across all three time points.Conclusions-Resilience, as defined by competence in mental health, academic, and social domains, was demonstrated by relatively few children. The conditions that promote stable resilience may be difficult to achieve among allegedly maltreated children who are likely to face residential and caretaker instability. Future research should identify processes that promote stability in resilience over time.Keywords child abuse; maltreatment; resilience; National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being Many children who are physically, sexually, or psychologically abused, or neglected experience mental health problems and difficulties with school and social relationships (Cicchetti and Manly, 2001;Cicchetti and Toth, 1995). However, not all children do so. These resilient children master normative developmental tasks in the face of maltreatment and associated risks, including family and neighborhood poverty, interparental violence, and parent psychopathology (Jaffee, 2005;Luthar et al., 2000; Coatsworth, 1995, 1998
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript ability to function well in the school environment, interact appropriately with peers and adults, and regulate behavior and emotions . Additional tasks of adolescence include forging an independent identity and negotiating romantic relationships. This definition of resilience does not require that youths excel; rather, it requires that at-risk children function at least as well as the average child (Luthar et al., 2000;Robinson, 2000).Many researchers recognize that resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct. In practice, however, researchers who study resilience to maltreatment often define resilient children in terms of one criterion: the absence of clinically significant mental health problems. Although this is an important marker of positive functioning, children who lack significant mental health problems may be struggling in other arenas (Kaufman et al., 1994). Moreover, with few exceptions (Cicchetti and Rogosch, 1997;Farber and Egeland, 1987;Herrenkohl et al., 1994), m...