Reliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure Assessment by Interview and Comparison with Observation

Itzkovich, Malka; Tamir, Ada; Philo, Ora; Steinberg, Flavia; Ronen, Jacob; Spasser, Raluca; Gepstein, Reuven; Ring, Haim; Catz, Amiram

doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000057226.22271.44

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This method has been reported to slightly decrease the scoring precision of SCIM. 25,26 CONCLUSION The Turkish version of SCIM-III is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the functional assessment of SCI patients in Turkey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III

Ünalan

Mısırlıoğlu

Erhan³

et al. 2015

Spinal Cord

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Study design: This is a multicenter, prospective study. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III). Setting: This study was conducted in rehabilitation centers of three hospitals in Turkey. Methods: Two-hundred and four (n = 204) consecutive patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were included in the study. Each patient was examined by two physicians. Neurologic impairment was measured according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) 2000 revised criteria. Backward and forward translation of SCIM-III was performed by native speakers in both languages. To measure the validity of SCIM-III, the scores were compared with patients' AIS grades, total motor scores and the Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) subscale scores. SCIM-III was analyzed for test-retest reliability by the same rater on 49 patients during the follow-up evaluations. Results: Total agreement values between raters changed between 75.9 and 100%. Kappa values were all above 0.6, and they were statistically significant. The Pearson's correlation values between the raters were very high and statistically significant. The Cronbach's α-values for the two consecutive raters were 0.865 and 0.896. Test-retest reliability was assessed by paired samples t-test, and no significant difference was observed. SCIM-III and SF-36 physical (r = 0.339, Po0.005) and general health scores (r = 0.200, Po0.005) showed correlation. All subscales of the SCIM-III, with the exception of self-care, had significant differences in comparison with the AIS grades. SCIM-III total and total motor scores showed correlation (r = 0.585, Po0.001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III

Ünalan

Mısırlıoğlu

Erhan³

et al. 2015

Spinal Cord

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“…The WISCI incorporates gradations of physical assistance and devices required for walking and has been shown to have face, criterion and construct validity and is more detailed than the SCIM for walking function. 26 We recently reported 4 differences in age and spinal cord disease/injury utilizing the WISCI, RMI and BI, which suggested the need for more critical comparison of different walking scales as valid outcome measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI): criterion validation

et al. 2004

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Study design: Retrospective examination. Objectives: To compare the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) and current scales for their sensitivity to walking changes in subjects with a spinal cord lesion (SCL) and further validate the WISCI for use in clinical trails. Setting: A large rehabilitation hospital in the center of Italy. Patients and methods: Retrospective review was performed on 284 patient records with an SCL. Measurements included neurological evaluation with Lower Extremity Motor Scores (LEMS) according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and walking status assessed by Barthel Index (BI (0-15)), Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI (three levels)), Functional Independence Measure (FIM (1-7)), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM (0-8)), and WISCI (0-20). The WISCI is a 21-level hierarchical scale which incorporates gradations of physical assistance and devices required for walking. Improvement in walking is based on the change of scores from admission to discharge. Statistical analysis included Spearman rank correlation and w 2 test; Po0.05. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between WISCI and other scales (WISCI and BI r ¼ 0.67, Po0.001; WISCI and RMI r ¼ 0.67, Po0.001; WISCI and SCIM r ¼ 0.97, Po0.001; WISCI and FIM r ¼ 0.7, Po0.001). The initial ASIA grade was predictive of mobility outcome on the WISCI: of the 78 ASIA A patients, only five achieved independent walking versus 4/17 ASIA B (P ¼ 0.02), 56/109 ASIA C (Po0.001) and 39/44 ASIA D (Po0.001). The correlation of LEMS to the WISCI was 0.58 (Po0.001). At discharge, patients were distributed into 12 WISCI levels versus four FIM, three BI, two RMI and five SCIM levels. The most frequent WISCI levels at discharge were 13 (walker, no braces or assistance), 16 (two crutches, no braces or assistance) and 20 (no devices or assistance). Conclusions: Similar correlation between the WISCI and the other scales indicates that all these measures address the same concept, mobility, which is a measure of concurrent validity. The correlation is not 100% because of conceptual differences (the WISCI incorporates gradations of physical assistance and devices required for walking while most of the other scales focus on burden of care or mobility in the environment). The WISCI is more detailed and appears more sensitive to walking recovery than the other scales, as demonstrated by our patients' score distribution at discharge. Within each of the most frequent WISCI levels (13,16,20) LEMS and other walking features varied; therefore the scale would benefit from further refinement based on speed, distance and energy cost.

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“…Self-assessment of function may help patients who, according to May et al [18], want to become self-aware and take responsibility for problem solving. When SCIM II was compared for use by observation versus interview [29], the differences between patients' ratings and observers appeared insignificant as correlations were high, ranging from r ¼ 0.69 to 0.96 [17,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation into Greek and initial validity and reliability testing of a modified version of the SCIM III, in both English and Greek, for self-use

Migliore

Marston²,

Souza

2015

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Purpose: To translate and culturally adapt the Spinal Cord Injury Measure version III (SCIM III) into Greek (GR-SCIM III). To conduct initial testing of psychometric properties of both measures by self-report. Method: Forward-backward translation was conducted to produce the GR-SCIM III. Participants completed the English or Greek versions in [2008][2009]. Both versions were examined for multidimensionality, internal consistency and concurrent/criterion validity with the EQ-5D. Results: Forty-five Greek adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) (23 males), mean age 61 (SD17) years; mean time since injury 11 (SD9) years, completed the GR-SCIM III. One hundred and seventy four English-speaking adults with SCI (111 males), mean age 47 (SD12) years; mean time since injury 12 (SD11) years, completed the SCIM III. Unidimensionality was confirmed for both versions. Internal consistency was acceptable (a ¼ 0.78 for both). Validity was strong for the ''self-care'' subscale (GR-SCIM III r ¼ À0.78, SCIM III r ¼ À0.75) and moderate for the ''mobility'' subscale (GR-SCIM III r ¼ À0.58, SCIM III r ¼ À0.45). Conclusions: This has been the first function scale translated and validated in Greek for people with SCI. Both the GR-SCIM III and SCIM III are reliable for use by self-report. More studies are needed to further examine their psychometric properties and compare with observation or interview. ä Implications for RehabilitationThe Greek version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM) is valid and reliable for self-report. Further testing is needed to assess psychometric qualities not assessed in the present study. Researchers and therapists in Greece can use a specific measure to assess functional independence in people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Consideration needs to be given to the participants' type of injury, which may affect the results of SCIM III.

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Reliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure Assessment by Interview and Comparison with Observation

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III

Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III

Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI): criterion validation

Translation into Greek and initial validity and reliability testing of a modified version of the SCIM III, in both English and Greek, for self-use

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