Reliability of the fat tissue channel for intra-body microwave communication

Asan, Noor Badariah; Velander, Jacob; Redzwan, Yaiful; Augustine, Robin; Hassan, Emadeldeen; Noreland, Daniel; Voigt, Thiemo; Blokhuis, Taco J.

doi:10.1109/cama.2017.8273435

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fat tissue appears to be the easiest tissue for the propagation in terms of propagation velocity and losses [5,6,10,[19][20][21]. Fat as a propagation channel has been a topic for few recent papers [19][20][21], which have verified by simulation and measurement based studies that the fat tissue is promising propagation medium is the ultra wideband (UWB) based medical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat in the Abdomen Area as a Propagation Medium in WBAN Applications

Särestöniemi

Raez

Kissi

et al. 2019

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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This paper presents a study on the fat in the abdomen area as a propagation medium in wearable and implant communications systems. Propagation via subcutaneous and visceral fat is considered separately. Simulations and measurements are done for both female and male bodies with the on-body antennas designed for in-body communications. Propagation paths are calculated and compared with the simulated and measured impulse responses. Furthermore, we analyze simulated 2D power flow figures, which illustrate the propagation inside the different tissues. It is shown that the signal propagates through the fat layer with minor losses compared to the other tissues of the studied cases. The signal propagates through the fat tissue from the abdomen area to the backside of person with 60 dB power loss. Additionally, the calculated fat layer propagation paths match well with the peaks of the simulated and measured impulse responses. The information about the fat as propagation medium is useful when designing the wireless and wired medical and health monitoring devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat in the Abdomen Area as a Propagation Medium in WBAN Applications

Särestöniemi

Raez

Kissi

et al. 2019

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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“…However, the fat-IBC technique reliability has only been looked into by several works in the context of parameters capable of influencing the channel's performance. Examples of recent investigations include those that affect the transmission channel, such as embedded muscle tissue [28], nonhomogeneous fat tissue thickness [27], and blood vessel [29]. The outcomes of these experiments revealed fat-IBC's capacity for excellent communication even in the presence of up to 60 % obstacles of channel height [28].…”

Section: Intra-body Communication (Ibc) Can Be Described As a Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of recent investigations include those that affect the transmission channel, such as embedded muscle tissue [28], nonhomogeneous fat tissue thickness [27], and blood vessel [29]. The outcomes of these experiments revealed fat-IBC's capacity for excellent communication even in the presence of up to 60 % obstacles of channel height [28]. The signal transmission was not impacted by obstacle less than 15 mm cube and it starts to degrade when the 25 mm height channel is perturbated with a perturbating tissue of size 15 mm cube and above.…”

Section: Intra-body Communication (Ibc) Can Be Described As a Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Blood Vessel Effect on Fat-Intrabody Communication Using Numerical and Ex-Vivo Models at 2.45 GHz

et al. 2019

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The potential offered by the intra-body communication (IBC) over the past few years has resulted in a spike of interest for the topic, specifically for medical applications. Fat-IBC is subsequently a novel alternative technique that utilizes fat tissue as a communication channel. This work aimed to identify such transmission medium and its performance in varying blood-vessel systems at 2.45 GHz, particularly in the context of the IBC and medical applications. It incorporated three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulations and laboratory investigations that implemented models of blood vessels of varying orientations, sizes, and positions. Such investigations were undertaken by using ex-vivo porcine tissues and three bloodvessel system configurations. These configurations represent extreme cases of real-life scenarios that sufficiently elucidated their principal influence on the transmission. The blood-vessel models consisted of ex-vivo muscle tissues and copper rods. The results showed that the blood vessels crossing the channel vertically contributed to 5.1 dB and 17.1 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively, which is the worst-case scenario in the context of fat-channel with perturbance. In contrast, blood vessels alignedlongitudinally in the channel have less effect and yielded 4.5 dB and 4.2 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively. Meanwhile, the blood vessels crossing the channel horizontally displayed 3.4 dB and 1.9 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively, which were the smallest losses among the configurations. The laboratory investigations were in agreement with the simulations. Thus, this work substantiated the fat-IBC signal transmission variability in the context of varying blood vessel configurations. INDEX TERMS Blood vessel, channel characterization, fat-IBC, intrabody microwave communication, path loss.

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“…Asan et al [ 20 ] have successfully shown approximately 96% data packet reception through the fat tissue for a fat channel of length 10 cm. It has been shown that the communication through the fat tissue is still possible even at 60% obstruction due to embedded muscle tissues [ 21 ]. To design stable and reliable fat iBAN links, it is important to assess the microwave propagation losses along the fat channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Fat Channel for Intra-Body Communication at R-Band Frequencies

Asan

Hassan

Velander

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In this paper, we investigate the use of fat tissue as a communication channel between in-body, implanted devices at R-band frequencies (1.7–2.6 GHz). The proposed fat channel is based on an anatomical model of the human body. We propose a novel probe that is optimized to efficiently radiate the R-band frequencies into the fat tissue. We use our probe to evaluate the path loss of the fat channel by studying the channel transmission coefficient over the R-band frequencies. We conduct extensive simulation studies and validate our results by experimentation on phantom and ex-vivo porcine tissue, with good agreement between simulations and experiments. We demonstrate a performance comparison between the fat channel and similar waveguide structures. Our characterization of the fat channel reveals propagation path loss of ∼0.7 dB and ∼1.9 dB per cm for phantom and ex-vivo porcine tissue, respectively. These results demonstrate that fat tissue can be used as a communication channel for high data rate intra-body networks.

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Reliability of the fat tissue channel for intra-body microwave communication

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Fat in the Abdomen Area as a Propagation Medium in WBAN Applications

Fat in the Abdomen Area as a Propagation Medium in WBAN Applications

Assessment of Blood Vessel Effect on Fat-Intrabody Communication Using Numerical and Ex-Vivo Models at 2.45 GHz

Characterization of the Fat Channel for Intra-Body Communication at R-Band Frequencies

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