Reliability of the ICRP'S dose coefficients for members of the public: IV. basis of the human alimentary tract model and uncertainties in model predictions

Leggett, Richard W.; Harrison, J.; Phipps, A W

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl104

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The values chosen by ICRP were based on an extensive review of the literature and were developed specifically for application in internal nuclide contamination. The alimentary tract model has undergone extensive critical review and the reliability of this model has also been evaluated and reviewed (Leggett 2007). The transit times for adult males were examined, since the biokinetic model parameters are based on an adult male.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tract Transit Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Stricklin¹,

Millage²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2014

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) 00-10-2014 Technical15 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)DTRA/J9CBI SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)DTRA-TR-15-1 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTDisitribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis work was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ABSTRACT Introduction and PurposeAccurate modeling of medical countermeasure efficacy against chemical, biological and radiological agents (CBR agents) is essential to understanding the vulnerability of our warfighters on the modern battlefield. In helping to calculate the benefit of countermeasures, modeling can inform data-driven purchasing decisions and logistical tradeoffs. In this study, Gryphon Scientific and Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA) have developed models to predict the efficacy of medical countermeasures in preventing casualties and reducing the severity and duration of illness caused by CBR agents. This report (prepared by ARA) is one of five, describing the medical countermeasure models constructed for this project. This volume focuses exclusively on the modeling approach, parameters, and calculations used for the medical countermeasure model (MCM) for cesium-137 (Cs-137) exposure. The composite model includes the appropriate parameters necessary for calculating the impact of Prussian Blue (PB) countermeasure treatment on Cs-137 exposure.This paper presents an inhalation exposure model for calculating the absorbed fraction of cesium-137 from a given air concentration. The paper also presents a biokinetic model for calculating the distribution of cesium-137 within the body, a Prussian Blue model for binding and removal of cesium-137 circulating through the gastrointestinal tract, and a radiation dose model for calculating the absorbed radiation dose in the whole body and to the critical organ, the red bone marrow. Each model approach is described and justified along with the assumptions and key parameters that are implemented in each model. The composite m...

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Section: Gastrointestinal Tract Transit Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Stricklin¹,

Millage²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2014

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“…This assumption implies much more rapid transit through the GI tract in infants and children than in adults. Information developed since the completion of NRC77 indicates that the transit time through segments of the GI tract does not depend strongly on age (Leggett et al, 2007), suggesting that the GI transit model of NRC77 could underestimate dose to the LLI wall from activity in the contents in children and infants. Apparently in an effort to avoid underestimating the dose to the LLI walls, the fraction of ingested material reaching the intestinal contents is assumed to be at least 0.05 in the absence of radioactive decay, even in cases where complete absorption is assumed and 1.0 is assigned to total body.…”

Section: Implementation Of the Pub2 Dosimetry System In Nrc77mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Internal Dosimetry Systems for Selected Radionuclides Important to Nuclear Power Production

Leggett¹,

Eckerman²,

Manger³

2013

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“…However, because the thyroid activity rapidly increases until a day after exposure [ 2 ], the thyroid activity in the early phase is unstable. In addition, in this time period, the assumptions of the first-order kinetics in the biokinetic model calculation may not be sufficient to simulate the rapidly changing thyroid activity and therefore can cause bias in the thyroid retention function; a similar problem was observed in the human alimentary tract model calculation [ 3 ]. Thus, early-phase thyroid data should be used with caution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty quantification of bioassay functions for the internal dosimetry of radioiodine

Kwon

Chung

Yoo

et al. 2020

Journal of Radiation Research

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Bioassay functions, which are provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, are used to estimate the intake activity of radionuclides; however, they include considerable uncertainties in terms of the internal dosimetry for a particular individual. During a practical internal dose assessment, the uncertainty in the bioassay function is generally not introduced because of the difficulty in quantification. Therefore, to clarify the existence of uncertainty in the bioassay function and provide dosimetrists with an insight into this uncertainty, this study attempted to quantify the uncertainty in the thyroid retention function used for radioiodine exposure. The uncertainty was quantified using a probabilistic estimation of the thyroid retention function through the propagation of the distribution of biokinetic parameters by the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The uncertainties in the thyroid retention function, expressed in terms of the scattering factor, were in the ranges of 1.55–1.60 and 1.40–1.50 for within 24 h and after 24 h, respectively. In addition, the thyroid retention function within 24 h was compared with actual measurement data to confirm the uncertainty due to the use of first-order kinetics in the biokinetic model calculation. Significantly higher thyroid uptakes (by a factor of 1.9) were observed in the actual measurements. This study indicates that consideration of the uncertainty in the thyroid retention function can avoid a significant over- and under-estimation of the internal dose, particularly when a high dose is predicted.

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Reliability of the ICRP'S dose coefficients for members of the public: IV. basis of the human alimentary tract model and uncertainties in model predictions

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Comparison of Different Internal Dosimetry Systems for Selected Radionuclides Important to Nuclear Power Production

Uncertainty quantification of bioassay functions for the internal dosimetry of radioiodine

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