Reliability of the test of gross motor development second edition (TGMD-2) for Kindergarten children in Myanmar

Aye, Thanda; Oo, Khin Saw; Khin, Myo Thuzar; Kuramoto-Ahuja, Tsugumi; Maruyama, Hitoshi

doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1726

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The TGMD‐2 was the only test battery consisting of entirely high‐level motor items, specifically measuring the quality of performance in sports‐focused skills 37 . Two studies supported the validity of the TGMD‐2 for ambulant children with CP 33,36 and there is further positive evidence of validity and reliability in other populations 38‐41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

Clutterbuck

Auld²,

Johnston

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim To examine the psychometric evidence for high‐level motor skills assessment tools for ambulant, school‐aged children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method We searched five databases for population (children with CP aged 5–18y in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II), assessment focus (high‐level motor skills), and psychometric evidence. We evaluated evidence strength using the number of studies, quality, and conduct according to COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklists. Results Eleven assessments (39 studies) met the criteria. Seven high‐level motor skills assessment items (Muscle Power Sprint Test, 10m Shuttle Run Test, 10×5m Sprint Test, vertical jump, standing broad jump, seated throw, and Timed Up and Down Stairs) had strong validity and responsiveness evidence. Jumping items and seated throw lacked reliability data. Four high‐level motor skills assessment batteries (Functional Strength Measure in CP, Gross Motor Function Measure‐Challenge, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, and Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition) had moderate‐to‐strong validity and/or reliability evidence. Responsiveness data were only available for the Gross Motor Function Measure‐Challenge battery. The decision tree was developed with five levels: clinical feasibility, relevance, tool design, clinical utility, and psychometric properties. Interpretation High‐level motor skills assessment tools have strong psychometric evidence for ambulant, school‐aged children with CP. The decision tree can assist clinicians and researchers in identifying appropriate tools to measure high‐level motor skills. What this paper adds An evidence‐based decision tree guides the selection of appropriate high‐level motor skills assessment tools. Seven high‐level motor skills assessment items have strong psychometric evidence and clinical utility for ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Four high‐level motor skills assessment batteries with recreation and mobility items have emerging psychometric evidence in this population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

Clutterbuck

Auld²,

Johnston

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, rater familiarisation, training, and experience in TGMD administration were not systematically reported or described in the studies included in this systematic review. In addition, the academic background of the raters is heterogeneous, varying from graduate students (physical education [ 35 , 36 , 48 ] and sport sciences [ 36 ]), master’s students [ 43 , 44 ], doctoral students [ 33 , 43 , 50 ], physical therapists and physiatrists [ 37 ], or paediatric physiotherapists [ 39 ]. Previous evidence underscores the need to provide standardised training protocols for coding using process-oriented approaches like TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 for valid and reliable results [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the test of gross motor development: A systematic review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To identify, synthesise and evaluate studies that investigated the reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) variants. Methods A systematic search was employed to identify studies that have investigated internal consistency, inter-rater, intra-rater and test-retest reliability of the TGMD variants through Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sport Discus and Web of Science databases. Results Of the 265 studies identified, 23 were included. Internal consistency, evaluated in 14 studies, confirming good-to-excellent consistency for the overall score and general motor quotient (GMQ), and acceptable-to-excellent levels in both subscales (locomotor and ball skills). Inter-rater reliability, evaluated in 19 studies, showing good-to-excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values in locomotor skills score, ball skills score, overall score, and GMQ. Intra-rater reliability, evaluated in 13 studies, displaying excellent ICC values in overall score and GMQ, and good-to-excellent ICC values in locomotor skills score and ball skills score. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in 15 studies with 100% of the statistics reported above the threshold of acceptable reliability when ICC was not used. Studies with ICC statistic showed good-to-excellent values in ball skills score, overall score, and GMQ; and moderate-to-excellent values in locomotor skills score. Conclusions Overall, the results of this systematic review indicate that, regardless of the variant of the test, the TMGD has moderate-to-excellent internal consistency, good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability, good-to-excellent intra-rater reliability, and moderate-to-excellent test-retest reliability. Considering the few high-quality studies in terms of internal consistency, it would be recommend to carry out further studies in this field to improve their quality. Since there is no gold standard for assessing FMS, TGMD variants could be appropriate when opting for a psychometrical robust test. However, standardized training protocols for coding TGMD variants seem to be necessary both for researchers and practitioners in order to ensure acceptable reliability.

show abstract

“…Aye et al. ( 31 ) investigated the reliability of the test of gross motor development (TGMD-2), a scale for assessing gross motor skills in children. The execution of the skills of the participating children was recorded on video.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligoantigenic Diet Improves Children’s ADHD Rating Scale Scores Reliably in Added Video-Rating

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The influence of food intake on behavioural disorders was already described in the early 20th century. Elimination of individually allergenic food items from individual diets ["oligoantigenic diet" (OD)] showed promise to improve attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, only few of the positive results were evaluated by blinded symptom rating. Therefore the present study's purpose was to evaluate the reliability of a non-blinded rating of the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ARS) for the assessment of OD effects in comparison to a blinded rating of the ARS based on pseudonymized video recordings. Methods: Ten children (8m/2f) aged 8 to 14 with ADHD according to ICD-10 participated in an uncontrolled, open-label dietary intervention study. Food items, commonly related to intolerances, were eliminated for four weeks. Participants with > 40% improvement in the ARS between T1 (before the diet) and T2 (after the diet) were defined as responders. Nutrients with individual relevance to ADHD symptoms were identified in a following reintroduction phase (T3-T4) lasting 8-16 weeks. The ARS was completed by a nonblinded child and adolescent psychiatrist (T0-T4). Sessions were recorded on video, pseudonymized, and evaluated by three blinded raters. Complete data were captured for eight children. The inter-rater reliability between the non-blinded therapist and every blinded rater was determined by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlations according to Pearson and Spearman between the non-blinded and blinded rating were calculated for each rater. Results: Two blinded raters and the non-blinded rater considered 5 of 8 (62.5%) children as responders, whereas one blinded rater disagreed as to the success of one case thus considering only 4 of 8 children as responders to the diet. Inter-rater reliability was assessed after each rater having scored 33 videos: The intra-class coefficients were >.9 for all raters (rater 1: ICC=.997, rater 2: ICC=.996, rater 3: ICC=.996) and the Spearman rho between the raters were high (n=33; rater 1: rho =.989, p<.0001, rater 2: rho=.987, p<.0001, rater 3: rho=.984, p<.0001), respectively.

show abstract

Reliability of the test of gross motor development second edition (TGMD-2) for Kindergarten children in Myanmar

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

Reliability of the test of gross motor development: A systematic review

Oligoantigenic Diet Improves Children’s ADHD Rating Scale Scores Reliably in Added Video-Rating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About