Reliability of Trunk Muscle Electromyography in the Loaded Back Squat Exercise

Clark, David R; Lambert, Michael; Hunter, Angus M.

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1569366

Cited by 11 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We and others have shown a load effect for trunk muscle activation in this exercise . Activation increased by load in eccentric and concentric phases for all four trunk muscle sites: rectus abdominus (RA), external oblique (EO), lumbar sacral erector spinae (LSES), and upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES) . Higher trunk muscle activation in concentric phase of loaded back squat compared to the descent has been demonstrated in our laboratory and by others .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…We previously demonstrated acceptable reliability and sensitivity of sEMG in measuring trunk muscle activation in back squat . We and others have shown a load effect for trunk muscle activation in this exercise . Activation increased by load in eccentric and concentric phases for all four trunk muscle sites: rectus abdominus (RA), external oblique (EO), lumbar sacral erector spinae (LSES), and upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Several researchers have demonstrated effectiveness of loaded, compound exercises in activating trunk stabilizers . Traditional core stability exercises, characterized by isolated isometric exercises do not reflect trunk control in dynamic human movement .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported effective trunk muscle activation for selected dynamic exercises, squats, standing, seated, unilateral and bilateral exercises, and deadlifts . Effects of specific exercise characteristics on trunk muscle activation have also been investigated, including instability, external load, trunk rotation, and movement velocity . Hence, there is good evidence that variations of loaded, dynamic, compound exercises, including back squat, are effective in activating trunk stabilizer muscles .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps

et al. 2019

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This study measured how back squat strength (1RM) affected trunk muscle activation in performing squats, squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Fifty males, completed two test sessions. Squat 1RM was tested first. Participants were assigned to three groups: (a) strong group (SG), (b) middle group (MG), or (c) weak group (WG), based on relative squat 1RM. Test 2: EMG data were collected for four trunk muscle sites; rectus abdominus, external oblique, lumbar sacral erector spinae, and upper lumbar erector spinae while performing (3 reps) SJ, CMJ, and squats at 65%, 75%, and 95% 1RM. Squat and jump phases were determined from a linear transducer and 30° tertiles for each phase, from a knee goniometer. Normalized root mean square RMS increased significantly with load for each muscle site in both squat phases. Trunk muscle activation was significantly lower in SG vs WG in eccentric and concentric squat phases. Concentric and flight phase RMS in both jumps was lower in SG vs WG. RMS increased significantly for each eccentric tertile and first concentric tertile. Greater squat strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation in squats and jumps and trunk muscle activation was highest in the two deepest 30° squat segments. In conclusion, back squat strength training to parallel, where top of thighs are horizontal, is an effective method of developing dynamic trunk stability.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps

et al. 2019

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Impact of resistance training status on trunk muscle activation in a fatiguing set of heavy back squats

et al. 2020

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Purpose In this study we measured neural activation (EMG) in four trunk stabilizer muscles and vastus lateralis (VL) in trained and novice participants during a set of squat repetitions to volitional fatigue at 85% 1RM. Methods Forty males were recruited into two groups, novice (NG: n = 21) and experienced (EG: n = 19), according to relative squat 1RM. Participants were tested twice to: (1) determine squat 1RM, and (2) complete a single set of repetitions to volitional fatigue at 85% 1RM. Relative squat 1RM; NG < 140% body mass, EG > 160% body mass. Neuromuscular activation was measured by EMG for the following: rectus abdominus (RA), external oblique (EO), lumbar sacral erector spinae (LSES), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES) and VL in eccentric and concentric phase. Completed repetitions, RPE and EMG in repetition 1 and at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of completed repetitions were analysed. Results No group differences were found between number repetitions completed and RPE in repetitions to volitional fatigue at 85% 1RM. Neuromuscular activation increased significantly in all muscle groups in eccentric and concentric phase apart from RA in the eccentric phase. Trunk neuromuscular activation was higher in NG compared to EG and this was significant in EO, LSES and ULES in eccentric phase and LSES in the concentric phase. VL activation increased in both phases with no group differences. Conclusion Trunk neuromuscular activation increases in a fatiguing set of heavy squats regardless of training status. Increased back squat strength through training results in lower neuromuscular activation despite greater absolute external squat loads.

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Beeinflussung der Muskelaktivität von Unterarm und Schultergürtel durch verschiedene Computer-Eingabegeräte am Arbeitsplatz

Sturm

Brockhaus

Briest

et al. 2018

Phys Med Rehab Kuror

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Zusammenfassung Fragestellung Wegen epidemiologisch hoher Prävalenz von Schulter- und Nackenschmerzen besteht Anlass zur Ursachenforschung, weshalb wir Muskelaktivitäten bei Nutzung verschiedener PC-Eingabegeräte verglichen. Material und Methoden Wir maßen bei 34 Probanden die Muskelaktivität des Armes und Schultergürtels mittels Oberflächen-EMG in standardisiertem Arbeitsplatzsetting und erhoben durch Fragebögen die Nutzerakzeptanz. Ergebnisse Bei Nutzung einer weit verbreiteten Standard-Maus zeigte sich in allen gemessenen Muskeln statistisch signifikant gegenüber ergonomischeren Eingabegeräten die höchste Aktivität. Die Auswertung der Fragebögen ergab stark variierende Bewertungen: geringere Aktivierung der Muskulatur korrelierte nicht mit subjektivem Komfort. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Zur Reduktion von Muskelbeanspruchungen im Schulter-/Nackenbereich kann der Wechsel auf ein ergonomischeres Eingabegerät hilfreich sein. Je nach Beschwerdebild kann das passende Gerät nach unseren Daten ausgewählt werden. Zu berücksichtigen ist die zu erwartende Akzeptanz der Nutzer.

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Reliability of Trunk Muscle Electromyography in the Loaded Back Squat Exercise

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps

Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps

Impact of resistance training status on trunk muscle activation in a fatiguing set of heavy back squats

Beeinflussung der Muskelaktivität von Unterarm und Schultergürtel durch verschiedene Computer-Eingabegeräte am Arbeitsplatz

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