Reliability of ultrasound for measurement of selected foot structures

Crofts, Gillian; Angin, Salih; Mickle, Karen J.; Hill, S.O.; Nester, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.05.022

Cited by 134 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Reported estimates of reliability were good to high. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] With the exception of a study reported by Thoirs and Englsh, 15 the reported intrarater correlation coefficients (ICC) among studies ranged between 0.90 and 0.99. Thoirs and Englsh 15 reported that high test-retest reliability was indicated in the lower extremity when subjects were measured in a standing position (ICC, 0.70-0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.94 for anterior thigh and 0.49-0.84 for posterior thigh, respectively).…”

Section: Validity and Reliability Of Mt Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the lower extremity: a brief review

2015

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Ultrasound is a potential method for assessing muscle size of the extremity and trunk. In a large muscle, however, a single image from portable ultrasound measures only muscle thickness (MT), not anatomical muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) or muscle volume (MV). Thus, it is important to know whether MT is related to anatomical CSA and MV in an individual muscle of the extremity and trunk. In this review, we summarize previously published articles in the lower extremity demonstrating the relationships between ultrasound MT and muscle CSA or MV as measured by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. The relationship between MT and isometric and isokinetic joint performance is also reviewed. A linear relationship is observed between MT and muscle CSA or MV in the quadriceps, adductor, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae muscles. Intrarater correlation coefficients range from 0.90 to 0.99, except for one study. It would appear that anterior upper-thigh MT, mid-thigh MT and posterior thigh MT are the best predictors for evaluating adductor, quadriceps, and hamstrings muscle size, respectively. Despite a limited number of studies, anterior as well as posterior lower leg MT appear to reflect muscle CSA and MV of the lower leg muscles. Based on previous studies, ultrasound measured anterior thigh MT may be a valuable predictor of knee extension strength. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between lower extremity function and MT.

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Section: Validity and Reliability Of Mt Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the lower extremity: a brief review

2015

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“…[10] Regarding the intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia (PF), the CSA and thickness of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), AbH, and fascia can be used to explain the relationship between foot function and clinical conditions (ie, pes planus). [11,12] These RUSI measurements showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from 0.91 to 0.98. [11] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound evaluation of intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia in hallux valgus

Calvo‐Lobo

Marín²,

Sanz

et al. 2016

Medicine

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A cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness reduction of the abductor hallucis (AbH) is shown in subjects with hallux valgus (HV). To date, other soft-tissue structures have not been researched in relation with HV. The aim of this study was to compare the CSA and thickness of the intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia (PF) between feet with and without HV. Therefore, a cross-sectional and case-control study was performed using B-mode with an iU22 Philips ultrasound system and a 5 to 17-MHz transducer. The CSA and thickness were measured for the AbH, flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and also the thickness for the anterior, middle, and posterior PF portions. A convenience sample of 40 feet, 20 with HV and 20 without HV, was recruited from a clinical and research center. A multivariate regression analysis using linear regression was performed to evaluate the ultrasound imaging measurements (α = 0.05). Consequently, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P < 0.05) for the AbH and FHB thickness, and CSA reduction, and also the plantar fascia thickness increase in favor of the HV group. On the contrary, the FDB thickness and CSA did not show statistically significant differences (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, the CSA and thickness of the AbH and FHB intrinsic plantar muscles are reduced, whereas the thickness of the anterior, middle, and posterior PF portions are increased, in subjects with HV compared with those without HV.

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“…Increased tissue' stiffness (plantar soft tissues or fascial structure) carries the risk of injury (i.e. ulceration, heel pain or plantar fasciitis) [27][28][29]. US indentation methods were used for evaluating the mechanical properties of the plantar soft tissue (thickness, stiffness), providing useful information regarding mechanical behavior under vertical loading and an indication for the selection of the properties of the orthotic devices materials [30][31][32].…”

Section: Ultrasonography Used To Evaluate the Tissue's Structural Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of different ultrasound based measurements was reported in the literature: intra and inter-rater reliability of dynamic compression of the heel pad [38]; dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral width and CSA of AbdH [39], thickness and CSA of FHB, FDB, flexor hallucis longus (FHL), quadratus plantae (QP), AbdM, quadratus plantae (PER); thickness of tibialis anterior (TA) and PF [9,28]; fascicle length and pennation angle of MG and TA [40], hypoechoic rims around tendons, joint spaces, erosions, cartilage thickness [10]. However, ultrasonography remains a highly operator-dependent technique [9].…”

Section: Ultrasonography Used To Evaluate the Tissue's Structural Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of ultrasonography in the evaluation of foot orthotics therapy

et al. 2017

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Foot orthotics prescription is based on the foot functioning paradigms with tissue stress theory being in avant-garde. The main goal of orthotic therapy is to reduce the internal tissue’s pathological stresses in the foot structures. Traditionally, ultrasound scanning technique depicts anatomic related data of both common and uncommon pathology encountered in the clinical practice, helping in diagnosing, treating and evaluating, which are equally important for the practitioners. Its accessibility, compared to biomechanical modelling, makes this technique a valuable tool in the field of foot and ankle disorders. Despite its user-dependent limitation, the ongoing technical progress improves the ability of ultrasonography as a highly advanced procedure in musculoskeletal imaging, being also a valuable searching tool for musculotendinous mechanics or morphological changes as a result of a conservative intervention. The aim of the present work was to perform a review of the state of the art concerning the usefulness of ultrasonography in the study of foot orthotic therapy and to analyze its effectiveness.

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Reliability of ultrasound for measurement of selected foot structures

Abstract: The ultrasound protocol implemented in this work has been shown to be reliable. It therefore offers the opportunity to quantify the structures concerned and better understand their contributions to foot function.

Cited by 134 publications

References 32 publications

Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the lower extremity: a brief review

Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the lower extremity: a brief review

Ultrasound evaluation of intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia in hallux valgus

The potential of ultrasonography in the evaluation of foot orthotics therapy

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