Reliability of VCSELs for &gt;25Gb/s

We investigate the use of a 1060 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a 1060 nm single-mode fiber as a competitive single-mode technology for cost and power efficient long-reach optical interconnects. Errorfree transmission (BER < 10-12) over 2 km is demonstrated at bitrates up to 40 Gbps under OOK-NRZ modulation, without equalization, forward-error correction, or other forms of digital signal processing. The VCSEL is extensively characterized with respect to its static and dynamic performance, including the power-voltage-current characteristics, spectral characteristics, beam divergence, modulation response, relative intensity noise, and frequency chirp. The measured dependence of power penalty on fiber length is consistent with an analysis of chirp-induced pulse compression and broadening along the negative chromatic dispersion fiber.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

1060 nm Single-Mode VCSEL and Single-Mode Fiber Links for Long-Reach Optical Interconnects

Simpanen

Gustavsson

Larsson

et al. 2019

“…1. There are several recent reliability reports on commercially viable 28 Gb/s 850nm VCSELs which also use Indium in the active region [35] [36]. These two reports reached similar conclusions with respect the activation energy (Ea>1eV) and current acceleration factor (n>2).…”

Section: Reliability Estimatementioning

confidence: 67%

A 50 Gb/s NRZ Modulated 850 nm VCSEL Transmitter Operating Error Free to 90 °C

Kuchta

Rylyakov

Schow

et al. 2015

We report on the properties of an 850nm VCSEL transmitter running at 50Gb/s with NRZ modulation from 30°C to 90°C. This is the highest transmitter operating temperature at 50Gb/s for a VCSEL link of any wavelength. This achievement is made possible by a combination of a high speed VCSEL design and driver and receiver circuits that incorporate equalization. Without equalization, the highest temperature attained with BER <1E-12 is 57°C.Index Terms-High-speed modulation, optical interconnects, semiconductor lasers, vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) 0733-8724 (c)

“…The time to 1% failure is more than 10 years of continuous operation at 80 C. These VCSELs are currently used in production transceivers. Note the 10x reliability improvement realized in the 850 nm VCSEL (GEN2) from previous reports of GEN 1 devices [21]. A single photodiode (PD) was designed to operate over the entire SWDM band.…”

Section: Vcsels and Pds For Swdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The uniformity of device performance greatly simplifies the laser driver design. Fig 2 shows the reliability prediction (time to 50% fail, TT50%, and time to 1% fail, TT1%) for each of the VCSELs based on extrapolation from accelerated aging tests similar to those described in [21]. The time to 1% failure is more than 10 years of continuous operation at 80 C. These VCSELs are currently used in production transceivers.…”

Section: Vcsels and Pds For Swdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reach Extension and Capacity Enhancement of VCSEL-Based Transmission Over Single-Lane MMF Links

Tatarczak

Motaghiannezam

Kocot

et al. 2017

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