Reliability, performance characteristics, construct validity, and an initial clinical application of a Visual Object Learning Test (VOLT).

Glahn, David C.; Gur, Ruben C.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Censits, David M.; Gur, Raquel E.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.11.4.602

Cited by 83 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Although our results cannot speak to the specificity of face processing impairments or the magnitude of face memory deficits compared with nonface or verbal memory, it is interesting to note that both groups performed better on delayed face memory relative to immediate memory. This finding is consistent with previous work using a recognition paradigm with both face stimuli (35,36) and other spatial stimuli (37). The effect likely occurs because presenting all target stimuli for a second time in the immediate memory condition may enhance recognition during the delayed task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

Pinkham¹,

Sasson²,

Calkins³

et al. 2008

AJP

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These findings reveal an intact other-race effect in patients with schizophrenia and highlight a methodological concern in the measurement of face processing abilities in schizophrenia, namely, that findings of greater impairment in African American patients are spurious when Caucasian faces are used as stimuli. Despite overall impairments in face memory and emotion recognition, the presence of a normative other-race effect in schizophrenia may reflect typical experiences with faces during development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

Pinkham¹,

Sasson²,

Calkins³

et al. 2008

AJP

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Investigators have pointed out that performances on memory tests such as the AVLT and the VSLT may be importantly influenced by verbalizability of the test stimuli (e.g., Eadie & Shum, 1995;Glahn, Gur, Ragland, Censits, & Gur, 1997). Interestingly, West, Crook, and Barron (1992) found that verbal ability was strongly associated with the scores of healthy adults between 18 and 90 years of age on a series of everyday memory tasks.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of the Effects Of Subject Variables On Avltmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: Age- and IQ-Adjusted Norms for the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Visual Spatial Learning Test

Steinberg¹,

Bieliauskas

Smith

et al. 2005

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Although normative data sets for standardized neuropsychometric instruments frequently feature adjustments for subject variables, there are reasons to believe that improvements in interpretive accuracy that result from such adjustments are less than optimal. In particular, years of education may be less closely associated with test performances than is overall intellectual functioning. In this last of four reanalyses of results from the Mayo Clinic's Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS) databases, age-adjusted scores for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Visual Spatial Learning Test were found to be more strongly related to Mayo age-adjusted WAIS-R Full Scale IQ scores (rs=.150 to .395) than to education (rs=.060 to .236) for healthy older examinees between 56 and 99 years of age. Although AVLT-FSIQ correlations were greatest at moderate levels of intelligence, VSLT-FSIQ correlations consistently increased in strength as intelligence increased (cf. Dodrill, 19971999). Based on these results, we present tables of age- and IQ-adjusted percentile equivalents of Mayo age-adjusted AVLT index scores and MOANS age-adjusted AVLT and VSLT scaled scores for ten age ranges and either seven (AVLT) or five (VSLT) IQ ranges.

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“…Cognition was assessed at both times with tests of executive function, working memory, visual and verbal learning, using the Abstraction, Inhibition and Working Memory test [32] (AIM), Visual Object Learning Test [33] (VOLT), and Californian Verbal Learning Test [34] (CVLT). From these tests, we obtained the following variables: total score of the first five learning trials from the CVLT, total score of the four learning trials from the VOLT, the abstraction score from the AIM and the abstraction and working memory score from the AIM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Changes in Total Brain Volume in Schizophrenia: Relation to Symptom Severity, Cognition and Antipsychotic Medication

et al. 2014

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Studies show evidence of longitudinal brain volume decreases in schizophrenia. We studied brain volume changes and their relation to symptom severity, level of function, cognition, and antipsychotic medication in participants with schizophrenia and control participants from a general population based birth cohort sample in a relatively long follow-up period of almost a decade. All members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with any psychotic disorder and a random sample not having psychosis were invited for a MRI brain scan, and clinical and cognitive assessment during 1999–2001 at the age of 33–35 years. A follow-up was conducted 9 years later during 2008–2010. Brain scans at both time points were obtained from 33 participants with schizophrenia and 71 control participants. Regression models were used to examine whether brain volume changes predicted clinical and cognitive changes over time, and whether antipsychotic medication predicted brain volume changes. The mean annual whole brain volume reduction was 0.69% in schizophrenia, and 0.49% in controls (p = 0.003, adjusted for gender, educational level, alcohol use and weight gain). The brain volume reduction in schizophrenia patients was found especially in the temporal lobe and periventricular area. Symptom severity, functioning level, and decline in cognition were not associated with brain volume reduction in schizophrenia. The amount of antipsychotic medication (dose years of equivalent to 100 mg daily chlorpromazine) over the follow-up period predicted brain volume loss (p = 0.003 adjusted for symptom level, alcohol use and weight gain). In this population based sample, brain volume reduction continues in schizophrenia patients after the onset of illness, and antipsychotic medications may contribute to these reductions.

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Reliability, performance characteristics, construct validity, and an initial clinical application of a Visual Object Learning Test (VOLT).

Cited by 83 publications

References 62 publications

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: Age- and IQ-Adjusted Norms for the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Visual Spatial Learning Test

Longitudinal Changes in Total Brain Volume in Schizophrenia: Relation to Symptom Severity, Cognition and Antipsychotic Medication

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