“…The traditional methodologies used to estimate potential output are based on aggregate time series, mainly the national accounts. The most popular methods adopted by international institutions and central banks are either statistical filters or more complex approaches, such as those based on aggregate production functions, on semi-structural Bayesian unobserved component methods, as well as on dynamic factor or dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models (see for example Havik et al, 2014;De Masi, 1997;Alichi et al, 2019;Edge and Rudd, 2016;Anderton et al, 2014;Vetlov et al, 2011;Chalaux and Guillemette, 2019;Bassanetti et al, 2010;Busetti and Caivano, 2016;Burlon and D'Imperio, 2020).…”