Reliance on Direct and Mediated Contact and Public Policies Supporting Outgroup Harm

Saleem, Muniba; Yang, Grace S.; Ramasubramanian, Srividya

doi:10.1111/jcom.12234

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We assessed anger on government with three items adapted from Sinclair and LoCicero () and Skitka, Baumann, and Mullen () (Cronbach’s α = .94, M = 4.99, SD = 1.80). We gauged demand for anti‐Muslim policies with five items based on Saleem and colleagues (, ) and Cohrs, Kielmann, Maes, and Moschner () (Cronbach’s α = .86, M = 4.18, SD = 1.59). All items were assessed on 7‐point Likert scales.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…International news networks have extensively covered the vast number of attempted and executed terrorist attacks committed by the IS. These news reports may influence citizens’ demand for national security (Echebarria‐Echabe & Fernández‐Guede, ), foster negative attitudes toward Muslims (Schmuck, Matthes, von Sikorski, Materne, & Shah, ; von Sikorski, Matthes, & Schmuck, ; von Sikorski, Schmuck, Matthes, & Binder, ), and fuel support for hostile policies toward Muslims (Saleem, Prot, Anderson, & Lemieux, ; Saleem, Yang, & Ramasubramanian, ).…”

Section: Emotional Responses To Terrorism Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…foster negative attitudes toward Muslims (Schmuck, Matthes, von Sikorski, Materne, & Shah, 2018;von Sikorski, Schmuck, Matthes, & Binder, 2017), and fuel support for hostile policies toward Muslims (Saleem, Prot, Anderson, & Lemieux, 2017;Saleem, Yang, & Ramasubramanian, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Matthes

Schmuck

Sikorski

2019

Political Psychology

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Terrorist attacks committed by the so‐called Islamic State are rising in Western countries. How the news media portray these attacks may crucially influence emotional responses and support for anti‐Muslim policies such as immigration bans. Based on the Extended parallel response model (EPRM, Witte, 1992), we theorize that specific features of terrorism news such as threat severity (e.g., high vs. low number of potential terrorist offenders) and threat controllability (e.g., nondiffuse, controllable threat vs. diffuse, uncontrollable threat) influence individuals’ emotional reactions and policy support. A quota‐based online experiment (N = 501) reveals that news articles featuring a high number of offenders increase individuals’ fear of terror irrespective of whether the threat is portrayed as controllable or not. News articles featuring a low number of offenders only evoke fear of terror if the threat is portrayed as diffuse. Additionally, news articles emphasizing a high number of offenders combined with a controllable terrorism threat elicit anger on the government. Both anger and fear of terror subsequently increase anti‐Muslim policy support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotional Responses To Terrorism Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Matthes

Schmuck

Sikorski

2019

Political Psychology

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“…An abundance of research suggests that Muslims are portrayed negatively and stereotypically within the media (e.g., Ahmed & Matthes, 2016;Dixon & Williams, 2015;Kabir, 2010;Nacos & Torres-Reyna, 2007;Powell, 2011;Saeed, 2007;Saleem & Anderson, 2013;Saleem & Ramasubramanian, 2017;Saleem et al, 2016) and political campaigns (Betz, 2013;Krzẏzanowski, 2013;Kteily & Bruneau, 2017). In Europe, right-wing populist parties agitate against Muslim immigration by employing political posters (Betz, 2013), which are still among the most important means of conveying information to the electorate due to regulations on public service TV (Dumitrescu, 2010).…”

Section: The Portrayal Of Muslims In Right-wing Populist Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on media effects suggests that negative, stereotypical portrayals of one's own group represent threats to the self‐esteem of racial or ethnic (Banjo, ; Fryberg, Markus, Oyserman, & Stone, ; Fujioka, ; Martins & Harrison, ; Schmader, Block, & Lickel, ) and religious (Ibrahim & Abdel Halim, ; Saleem & Ramasubramanian, ) minority audiences. Muslim minority members may be particularly vulnerable to negative media representations, as they frequently face discrimination in Western societies (Martinovic & Verkuyten, ; Sirin et al, ) and are often portrayed in negative and stereotypical ways in the mainstream media (e.g., Alsultany, ; Dixon & Williams, ; Saleem & Anderson, ; Saleem, Prot, Anderson, & Lemieux, ; Saleem, Yang, & Ramasubramanian, ). These negative media portrayals have been found to activate social identity threats and avoidance of majority members among young Muslims (Saleem & Ramasubramanian, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Stereotypical Portrayals of Muslims in Right-Wing Populist Campaigns: Perceived Discrimination, Social Identity Threats, and Hostility Among Young Muslim Adults

2017

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Anti‐Islamic sentiments have become central to right‐wing populist mobilization in Western societies, which often results in negative portrayals of Muslims in political campaigns. Although these portrayals may have detrimental effects on minority members' identity formation and attitudes toward majority members, little is known about their effects on members of the depicted group. A lab experiment with 145 young Muslims reveals that right‐wing populist ad exposure increases perceived discrimination, which in turn decreases individuals' self‐esteem and national identification, and encourages hostility toward majority members. Religious identification, in contrast, is not affected by ad exposure. Implications of these findings for intergroup relations and democratic processes are discussed.

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Intergroup Contact

Ramasubramanian

Costantini

2020

The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology

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Intergroup contact is defined as interactions between members of different social groups. Contact is essentially a communicative process. Empirical evidence suggests that positive intergroup contact can lead to prejudice reduction, especially for members of the dominant group. Although intergroup contact is typically defined as face-to-face contact, recent definitions also include vicarious contact through mass media, interactive media, as well as extended contact by observing other ingroup members. Intergroup anxiety and other negative emotions can serve as barriers for contact, especially if the conflict and prejudice is deep-rooted. However, positive emotions such as empathy and perspective-taking alleviate these effects. Mediated contact has been especially effective for groups that have no or minimal direct contact opportunities. Such contact could happen through parasocial contact with likable media persona or through mediated intergroup contact. Factors such as counterstereotypical exemplars and critical media literacy training can enhance positive contact effects.

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Reliance on Direct and Mediated Contact and Public Policies Supporting Outgroup Harm

Cited by 64 publications

References 54 publications

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Terror, Terror Everywhere? How Terrorism News Shape Support for Anti‐Muslim Policies as a Function of Perceived Threat Severity and Controllability

Negative Stereotypical Portrayals of Muslims in Right-Wing Populist Campaigns: Perceived Discrimination, Social Identity Threats, and Hostility Among Young Muslim Adults

Intergroup Contact

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