RELICS: In-network realization of incentives to combat selfishness in DTNs

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we develop a cooperative mechanism, RELICS, to combat selfishness in DTNs. In DTNs, nodes belong to self-interested individuals. A node may be selfish in expending resources, such as energy, on forwarding messages from others, unless offered incentives. We devise a rewarding scheme that provides incentives to nodes in a physically realizable way in that the rewards are reflected into network operation. We call it in-network realization of incentives. We introduce explicit ranking of nodes depending on their transit behavior, and translate those ranks into message priority. Selfishness drives each node to set its energy depletion rate as low as possible while maintaining its own delivery ratio above some threshold. We show that our cooperative mechanism compels nodes to cooperate and also achieves higher energy-economy compared to other previous results.

Enabling wireless cooperation in user provided networks

“…RELICS [Uddin et al, 2010] is a reputation-based tit-for-tat incentive mechanism that considers the battery as the main reason of selfishness. The mechanism considers the fact that a node needs to spend more battery if it wants to raise its delivery ratio.…”

IRONMAN: Using Social Networks to Add Incentives and Reputation to Opportunistic Networks

“…RELICS [16] encourages cooperation through ranking. Nodes estimate the likelihood of message delivery for each of the nodes they encounter, and use this to rank nodes.…”

“…• RELICS+S: A modified version of RELICS [16], as representative of the state-of-the-art in incentive mechanisms for opportunistic networks. We attempt to use parameters as described in their paper: 0.8 for the desired delivery ratio threshold, 0.373mAh as the initial energy level, one hour as the energy epoch, and 14.30mAh for the increase in energy allowed during each epoch.…”

Incentive driven information sharing in delay tolerant mobile networks

“…The rest of the 7-day trace is used for the evaluations of different dissemination schemes. We compare MuRIS with three existing schemes, namely Epidemic scheme [16], RELICS scheme [9], and Incentive forwarding scheme [10].…”

“…Toward this end, MobiCent [8] is a credit-based incentive system in DTNs for delivering unicast messages, where its charge/reward functions are designed to encourage users to cooperate and thwart edge insertion and edge hiding attacks. RELICS [9] is another cooperativebased mechanism to combat selfishness in DTNs, in which a rank metric was defined to measure the transit behavior of a node. These two incentive-based schemes focused more on delivering unicast messages, while we are more interested in one-to-many communication pattern, which is typical for 2 information sharing in a publish/subscribe system.…”