Relict populations and Central European glacial refugia: The case of <i>Rhododendron ferrugineum</i> (Ericaceae)

Suchan, Tomasz; Malicki, Marek; Ronikier, Michał

doi:10.1111/jbi.13512

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This generalized phylogeographic pattern, being in general true for many species, is, however, not considered a universal key suitable for explaining all phylogeographic patterns of European and Eurasian plant species anymore. Several other patterns for taxa of vascular plants have been proposed as well (e.g., Suchan et al, 2019 ; Friesen et al, 2020 ; Volkova et al, 2020 , and references therein), such as survival in more northern refugia (even cryptic ones: see Stewart and Lister, 2001 ), ecological shifts with possible survival in habitats and plant communities not now peculiar to the species, etc. (see a paleobotanical overview in Bezusko et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phylogeography of Veronica spicata and V. longifolia (Plantaginaceae) Across Europe: Integrating Hybridization and Polyploidy in Phylogeography

et al. 2021

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Climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene caused glacial expansion-contraction cycles in Eurasia and other parts of the world. Consequences of these cycles, such as population expansion and subsequent subdivision, have been studied in many taxa at intraspecific population level across much of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the consequences for the potential of hybridization and polyploidization are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of two widespread, closely related species, Veronica spicata and Veronica longifolia, across their European distribution ranges. We assessed the extent and the geographic pattern of polyploidization in both species and hybridization between them. We used genome-scale SNP data to clarify phylogenetic relationships and detect possible hybridization/introgression events. In addition, crossing experiments were performed in different combination between V. spicata and V. longifolia individuals of two ploidy levels and of different geographic origins. Finally, we employed ecological niche modeling to infer macroclimatic differences between both species and both ploidy levels. We found a clear genetic structure reflecting the geographical distribution patterns in both species, with V. spicata showing higher genetic differentiation than V. longifolia. We retrieved significant signals of hybridization and introgression in natural populations from the genetic data and corroborated this with crossing experiments. However, there were no clear phylogeographic patterns and unequivocal macroclimatic niche differences between diploid and tetraploid lineages. This favors the hypothesis, that autopolyploidization has happened frequently and in different regions. The crossing experiments produced viable hybrids when the crosses were made between plants of the same ploidy levels but not in the interploidy crosses. The results suggest that hybridization occurs across the overlapping areas of natural distribution ranges of both species, with apparently directional introgression from V. spicata to V. longifolia. Nevertheless, the two species maintain their species-level separation due to their adaptation to different habitats and spatial isolation rather than reproductive isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phylogeography of Veronica spicata and V. longifolia (Plantaginaceae) Across Europe: Integrating Hybridization and Polyploidy in Phylogeography

et al. 2021

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“…Secondly, many urging biological questions can be solved with simple methods. In other words, it might be unnecessary to obtain thousands of SNPs if a method like AFLP is sufficient to, for example, delimit phenotypically cryptic entities 58 , detect hybrid speciation 11 , or infer large scale phylogeography 12 . Facing the ongoing biodiversity and climate crisis, conservation policy-makers will need quick, large-scale, and straightforward answers 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of two reduced-representation based genome-wide marker-discovery strategies in a multi-taxon phylogeographic framework

Kirschner

Arthofer

Pfeifenberger

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Multi-locus genetic data are pivotal in phylogenetics. Today, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows scientists to generate an unprecedented amount of such data from any organism. However, HTS is resource intense and may not be accessible to wide parts of the scientific community. In phylogeography, the use of HTS has concentrated on a few taxonomic groups, and the amount of data used to resolve a phylogeographic pattern often seems arbitrary. We explore the performance of two genetic marker sampling strategies and the effect of marker quantity in a comparative phylogeographic framework focusing on six species (arthropods and plants). The same analyses were applied to data inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting (AFLP), a cheap, non-HTS based technique that is able to straightforwardly produce several hundred markers, and from restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), a more expensive, HTS-based technique that produces thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms. We show that in four of six study species, AFLP leads to results comparable with those of RADseq. While we do not aim to contest the advantages of HTS techniques, we also show that AFLP is a robust technique to delimit evolutionary entities in both plants and animals. The demonstrated similarity of results from the two techniques also strengthens biological conclusions that were based on AFLP data in the past, an important finding given the wide utilization of AFLP over the last decades. We emphasize that whenever the delimitation of evolutionary entities is the central goal, as it is in many fields of biodiversity research, AFLP is still an adequate technique.

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“…Additionally, even highly specialized and/or endemic plants can defy unfavorable climatic conditions and persist for millennia in so-called topo-climatic microrefugia, as was demonstrated for Saxifraga florulenta in the Alps [86] or a relict lineage of Ranunculus glacialis in the Carpathians [16]. In extreme cases, exiguous spots can ensure a long-term survival of isolated relict populations [87]. Our study however, is a rare example of SDM specifically developed for plants inhabiting calcareous screes (e.g.…”

Section: No Future For P Occidentale?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Alpine Screes: No Future for Glacial Relict <em>Papaver occidentale</em> (Papaveraceae) in Western Prealps

Fragnière¹,

Pittet²,

Clément³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Glacial relicts, especially those with very narrow habitat requirements, are particularly affected by global warming and thus good models for studying the future biodiversity patterns of the Alps. We have used as a model taxon Papaver occidentale, a glacial relict endemic to the Western Prealps, belonging to the alpine poppy complex (P. alpinum aggr.). All known localities were visited, each population was georeferenced and the number of individuals was estimated. Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) was used to evaluate the present and future potential distribution range and habitat suitability, taking into account the specificity of its habitat (calcareous screes). According to our study, there are globally 19 natural populations of P. occidentale. The total number of individuals was estimated at 30756 (with 72% of all individuals in canton of Bern). The taxon is a highly specialized alpine plant growing preferentially between 1900 and 2100 m a.s.l. on north facing screes. Predictions for the end of the 21st century indicate that suitable area will significantly decrease, for both the entire studied area (0-30% remaining) and sites nearby current P. occidentale populations (0-17% remaining). Under the most severe scenario, the species risks complete extinction. The long-term in situ conservation of P. occidentale, and all other taxa of the P. alpinum complex, is unlikely to be achieved without slowing global climate change. More generally, our fine-scale study shows that local environmental buffering of large-scale climate change in high-mountain flora may be very limited in specialised taxa of such patchy environments as screes.

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Relict populations and Central European glacial refugia: The case of Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 83 publications

Comparative Phylogeography of Veronica spicata and V. longifolia (Plantaginaceae) Across Europe: Integrating Hybridization and Polyploidy in Phylogeography

Comparative Phylogeography of Veronica spicata and V. longifolia (Plantaginaceae) Across Europe: Integrating Hybridization and Polyploidy in Phylogeography

Performance comparison of two reduced-representation based genome-wide marker-discovery strategies in a multi-taxon phylogeographic framework

Climate Change and Alpine Screes: No Future for Glacial Relict <em>Papaver occidentale</em> (Papaveraceae) in Western Prealps

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