Relict spruce forest “islands” in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra – Control sites for long-term climatic monitoring

Лавриненко, И. А.; Лавріненко, О. В.

doi:10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00031-8

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Currently, the spruce tree line roughly follows the 13.4 °C July mean temperature isoline (Virtanen et al. , 2004a) although scattered trees and individual krummholz‐type spruce occur quite far beyond the tree line (Lavrinenko & Lavrinenko, 1999) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia

Väliranta

Kaakinen

Kuhry

et al. 2010

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Concepts about patterns and rates of post‐glacial tree population migration are changing as a result of the increasing amount of palaeobotanical information being provided by macroscopic plant remains. Here we combine macrofossil, pollen and stomata records from five sites in north‐eastern European Russia and summarize the results for the late‐glacial–early Holocene transition. The late‐glacial–early Holocene transition encompasses the first indications of trees (tree‐type Betula, Picea abies, Abies sibirica and Larix sibirica) and subsequent forest development. Considerable time‐lags between the first macrobotanical and/or stomata finds of spruce (Picea abies) and the establishment of a closed forest are reconsidered. Location Pechora basin, north‐eastern European Russia. Methods We used plant macrofossil, stomata, pollen and radiocarbon analyses to reconstruct late‐glacial and early Holocene tree establishment and forest development. The data were derived from lake sediment and peat archives. Results Palaeobotanical data reveal an early Holocene presence (11,500–10,000 cal. yr bp) of arboreal taxa at all five sites. One site presently located in the northernmost taiga zone, shows the presence of spruce and reproducing tree birch during the late‐glacial. Given the current view of post‐glacial population dynamics and migration rates, it seems likely that the source area of these early tree populations in north‐eastern European Russia was not located in southern Europe but that these populations had local origins. Results thus support the emerging view that the first post‐glacial population expansions in non‐glaciated regions at high latitudes do not reflect migration from the south but were a result of an increase in the size and density of small persisting outlying tree populations. Main conclusions Results suggest that the area east of the margin of the Scandinavian ice sheet to the Ural Mountains had isolated patches of trees during the late‐glacial and early Holocene and that these small populations acted as initial nuclei for population expansion and forest development in the early Holocene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2) beyond the modern tree line originating from earlier warmer periods of the Holocene. They are often in a vegetative state and under current climate conditions are unable to produce new seedlings (Lavrinenko & Lavrinenko, 1999; see also MacDonald et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia

Väliranta

Kaakinen

Kuhry

et al. 2010

Journal of Biogeography

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“…At the Arctic treeline in North America, living Picea clones in fire-free landscapes have been found to be at least 3000 years old (Payette and Morneau, 1993). Even greater ages are postulated for extant tree islands in the forest tundra of northern Russia (Lavrinenko and Lavrinenko, 1999). Obviously, this growth form is primarily a response to a harsh, cold, and windy winter climate at the taiga-tundra interface or in analogous cold-marginal situations (e.g., Lavoie and Payette, 1994;Kullman, 1996;Hammer and Walsh, 2009).…”

Section: Clonal Spruces: Growth and Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Subalpine Clonal Spruces (<i>Picea abies</i>): Sources of Postglacial Vegetation History in the Swedish Scandes

Öberg¹,

Kullman²

2011

ARCTIC

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This study addresses the long-standing issue of postglacial immigration of Picea abies (Norway spruce) into Scandinavia. The main methodological focus is on using megafossil tree remains (wood and cones) of spruce and other species retrieved from the treeline ecotone of the Swedish Scandes as a tool for vegetation reconstruction. The core data come from radiocarbon dating of megafossils preserved in the soil underneath clonal groups of Picea abies, formed by rooting of branches that over time give rise to new upright stems. At high elevations, we found living spruce clones, which in some cases may be part of a continuous clonal series dating back to the early Holocene (9500 cal. yr BP). The presence of Picea in the Swedish Scandes at this early stage concurs with previous megafossil inferences. This date, which places the arrival of Picea very soon after regional deglaciation, is several millennia earlier than the arrival date inferred from pollen data. The persistence of some individual Picea clones from the early Holocene thermal optimum to the present implies that permanently open or semi-open spots existed in the high-mountain landscape even during periods when treelines in general were much higher than at present. Initially, Picea clones appear to have existed in a regional no-analogue vegetation matrix of widely scattered pine (Pinus sylvestris), mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and thermophilic broadleaved deciduous species. In response to subsequent neoglacial cooling, the alpine character of the landscape has been enhanced through a lowered pine treeline and the disappearance of larch and thermophiles. The endurance of spruces, which escaped fire and other calamities, is due to their inherent phenotypic plasticity. Increasing climatic harshness throughout the Holocene conserved them as crippled krummholz, protected from winter stress by almost complete snow coverage. The appearance of Picea abies exclusively in western Scandinavia shortly after the deglaciation could suggest that the species immigrated from "cryptic" ice age refugia much closer to Scandinavia than conventionally thought.

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“…2). North of this, only gallery forest are found along the rivers, and individual trees on well-drained sandy upland soils, tens of kilometres further north (Lavrinenko and Lavrinenko 1999). Willow (Salix spp.)…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene tree line, permafrost, and climate dynamics in the Nenets Region, East European Arctic

Kultti¹,

Oksanen²,

Väliranta³

2004

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Pollen, stomata, and macrofossils in a lake core with a basal date of 9700 14 C BP were used to reconstruct past changes in climate and vegetation in the arctic tree line area, northeast European Russia. A palsa peat profile was investigated to establish a chronology of mire initiation and permafrost development during the Holocene. Macrofossils show that tree birch was present in the study area at the beginning of the Holocene and stands of spruce became established shortly thereafter.

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Relict spruce forest “islands” in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra – Control sites for long-term climatic monitoring

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia

Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia

Ancient Subalpine Clonal Spruces (<i>Picea abies</i>): Sources of Postglacial Vegetation History in the Swedish Scandes

Holocene tree line, permafrost, and climate dynamics in the Nenets Region, East European Arctic

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